Eti Indarti, Rohaizu Roslan, Marwan, Wan Rosli Wan Daud
Bionanocomposites from polylactic acid (PLA) filled with unmodified nanocrystalline cellulose from TEMPO-oxidized oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB-NCC) at various loading levels were fabricated using the solvent casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATF-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical analyses were used to characterize the bionanocomposite films. FTIR suggested that the incorporation of the OPEFB-NCC was based on physical interaction. The melting temperature did not change markedly except at higher OPEFB-NCC additions, while the crystallization temperature shifted to lower temperatures and crystallinity increased with increasing OPEFB-NCC content.The SEM of cryo-fractured films indicated a rather weak compatibility between the OPEFB-NCC and PLA, resulting in the decrease of both the modulus and the tensile strength of the bionanocomposite. © 2016, North Carolina State University.
Bioresource, Paper and Coating Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Agricultural Product Technology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Chemical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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