Zakiya Farhah, M. Mustanir, M. Murniana, Binawati Ginting, Nurdin Saidi
The study aims to determine the toxicity activity of Annona squamosa leaves using different sample preparation treatments and maceration times. Sample preparation involved four treatments: fresh leaves, air-dried, oven-dried, and sun-dried, with maceration times of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes. Each sample of A. squamosa leaves was extracted with aquadest resulting Annona squamosa wet (ASW), Annona squamosa shaded (ASSh), Annona squamosa oven (ASO), and Annona squamosa sun (ASS). Toxicity testing was conducted using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The ASW, ASSh, and ASO extracts had LC50 values of 86.07, 82.22, and 44.29 ppm, respectively, at 3 minutes, while the ASS extract had an LC50 value of 53.37 ppm at 7 minutes. The ASO extract exhibited stronger toxicity than the others, so it was further partitioned using ethyl acetate, obtaining Annona squamosa ethyl acetate extract (ASE). Toxicity testing of ASE using the BSLT method showed an LC50 value of 23.17 ppm. GC-MS analysis of the ASE extract identified four dominant compounds: Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-3-; (-)-Loliolide; and Crotonic acid, menthyl ester. Based on the toxicity test results, it can be concluded that the water extract of A. squamosa leaves are toxic. © 2026 Author(s)
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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