Elias Setyo Novanto, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Budiarto Budiarto, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Tatik Hernawati, Kadek Rachmawati, Imam Mustofa, Siti Darodjah Rasad, Ahmed Qasim Dawood, Ginta Riady, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bima Putra Pratama, Novia Chairuman
Background: Red beans are rich in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and polyphenols, which have high antioxidant activity and are believed to provide protection against testicular tissue exposure to toxic substances, including cigarette smoke. Aim: This study aims to scientifically analyze the effect of fermented red bean extract on the number of spermatogenic cells in male mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: This experimental study included 25 mice. Group K (–) was administered 0.5 ml of 1% CMC-Na, group K (+) was administered 0.5 ml of 1% CMC-Na and exposed to cigarette smoke, and groups P1, P2, and P3 were administered fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at doses of 26 mg/kgBW, 52 mg/kgBW, and 104 mg/ kgBW, respectively, and exposed to cigarette smoke. Each group was given one cigarette per day for 36 days. Testicular histopathology preparations were made with hematoxylin and eosin staining and continued with spermatogenic cell counting. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s test (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed that the K(–) group had the highest number of spermatogenic cells, while the K(+) group had the lowest number of spermatogenic cells. The P2 group was the most effective method in maintaining the number of cells because the P2 group had a good number of cells even with a lower dose compared to the P3 group. Conclusion: This study concluded that the dose of 52 mg/kgBW has the best potential. Fermented red bean extract contains isoflavones that act as free radical scavengers by donating electrons to reactive oxygen species to stabilize the molecule. © 2025, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.
Profession Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Animal Husbandry Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Al Shatra University, Al Shatra, Iraq; Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia; Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
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