Cut Nila Thasmi, Husnurrizal Husnurrizal, Tongku Nizwan Siregar, Hafizuddin Hafizuddin, Amalia Sutriana, Herrialfian Herrialfian, Faisal Jamin, Darniati Darniati, Shakira Ramadhani, Naila Nuha Najdha, Alya Fadilah, Syeicha Le Adzra
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus represent the dominant etiological agents of pyometra in cattle. Their strong biofilm-forming ability critically contributes to therapeutic failure and escalating antibacterial resistance. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an eco-friendly chitosan hydrogel formulation containing Moringa oleifera leaf extract as an alternative antibacterial and antibiofilm agent. The ethanolic extract of M. oleifera was characterized using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Hydrogel formulations (10, 20, 30, and 40%) were prepared and assessed for bacterial growth inhibition and biofilm degradation over 24, 48, and 72 h using microplate spectrophotometry. The formulations exhibited clear concentration- and time-dependent activities. The 10% formulation produced the strongest inhibition against E. coli, whereas S. aureus responded most effectively to the 30% formulation, which maintained stable inhibitory effects across all incubation periods. Biofilm assays revealed transient suppression in E. coli, with maximal degradation at 48 h, while S. aureus showed more sustained inhibition, particularly with the 30% formulation. Correlation analysis demonstrated a stronger alignment between growth inhibition and biofilm reduction in E. coli, indicating more synchronized antibacterial and antibiofilm effects (p < 0.05). The M. oleifera–chitosan hydrogel formulation exhibited promising dual activity against planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria, highlighting its potential as an eco-friendly therapeutic candidate against bovine uterine infections and reducing reliance on conventional antibiotics. © 2026 Thasmi et al.
Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Reproduction, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Study, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
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