Hera Desvita, Hasan Ashari Oramahi, Alkhadi, Farah Diba, Hikma Yanti, Marwanto, M. Bagas Heriansyah
The use of wood as a raw material for liquid smoke production is still limited. Despite the presence of important compounds including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose that contribute to the formation of liquid smoke. Indonesia has a lot of potential in biomass utilization, with a wide variety of wood species, but this potential is mostly restricted to small-scale and specific applications. Ubah rukkok wood (Santiria griffithii), a lesser-known species, could serve as a substitute raw material for liquid smoke production, in order to reduce the strain on natural forests and more widely used wood species. This study aims to identify the chemical components of liquid smoke produced from Ubah Rukkok wood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was employed to analyze the total phenolic content, and high-performance liquid chroma-tography was used to measure the total acid content. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the potential of Ubah Rukkok wood as a sustainable source for liquid smoke production. The results revealed that 16, 18, and 20 chemical compounds, including phenol, acid, and carbonyl compounds and their derivatives, were detected at pyrolysis temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C, respectively. At pyrolysis temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C, the liquid smoke yields were 7.5%, 9%, and 13%, with total phenol content of 19.734 mg GEA/g, 14.778 mg GEA/g, and 13.109 mg GEA/g, and total acid content of 1.741%, 1.490%, and 1.859%. The study's findings shed light on Ubah Rukkok wood's potential as a source of raw liquid smoke that may be used for various industrial purposes. © 2025 Journal of Ecological Engineering.
Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia; Faculty of Forestry, Tanjungpura University, West Kalimantan, Pontianak, 78124, Indonesia; Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Darussalam, 23111, Indonesia
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