Said Ali Akbar, Raudhatul Jannah, Cut Nuzlia, Muhammad Hasan
This study evaluated the efficacy of coconut husk-derived NaOH-activated carbon in improving water quality and fish health in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for Cyprinus carpio. Activated carbon was synthesized via carbonization at 300°C followed by NaOH activation, resulting in enhanced adsorption properties: surface area increased from 323.12 to 654.43 m²/g, iodine number rose from 687.43 to 992.95 mg/g, and methylene blue adsorption reached 132.12 mg/g. A 28-day RAS experiment was conducted with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g of activated carbon), evaluating ammonia levels, oxidative stress responses, hematological status, erythrocyte morphology, and survival rate. Ammonia levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05), with P5 achieving 0.0103 ± 0.0006 ppm on Day 20, below regulatory thresholds. Antioxidant enzymes improved significantly (SOD: 8.575 U/mL; CAT: 0.09125 U/mL), while lipid peroxidation (MDA: 1.3 μmol/L) was reduced (p < 0.05). Oxygen consumption increased in P5 (220 ± 4 mg O₂/kg/h), and hematological parameters improved (MCHC: 33.52 ± 0.24 g/dL; MCV: 362.50 ± 29.01 fL; RBC: 2.08 ± 0.02 × 10⁶/μL), while WBC decreased (52.5 ± 5.25 × 10³/μL). Erythrocyte deformities were minimized, and survival increased from 67.5% (control) to 97.5% in P5 (p < 0.05). This study underscores the potential of coconut husk-based activated carbon as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent, enhancing aquaculture water quality and fish welfare in RAS applications. © 2026 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved.
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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