Soni Thakur, Khaled M. Hosny, Mohammed Alissa, Rahul Dev Bairwan, Esam Bashir Yahya, Mustafa Sabri, Waleed Y. Rizg, Majed A. Alghamdi, H.P.S. Abdul Khalil
Current alcohol-based sanitizers present safety concerns and are not suitable for all applications. To address the issue, biopolymer hydrogels offer a safer, sustainable alternative due to biocompatibility, biodegradability, and customizable properties. In present study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was prepared from Durian fruit rind, a tropical fruit byproduct rich in polysaccharides and combined with the synthetic polymer Carbopol to form a hydrogel with homogenization technique. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) leaf extract (RLE) as an antibacterial agent was analyzed for functional, morphological, antibacterial, and structural properties. Phytochemical analysis of RLE confirmed the presence of antibacterial compounds, while Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were 33.3 μg/mL for Escherichia coli and 28.5 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, Scanning Electron Microscopy showed significant disruptions in bacterial cell walls. Hydrogel incorporated RLE was produced with improved properties confirmed through viscosity, FT-IR, Disc-diffusion assay and spread plate method analysis. In general, Rambutan leaf extract significantly improves the antibacterial properties of biopolymer-based hydrogels, hence offering a promising, eco-friendly alternative to alcohol-based sanitizers. © 2024
Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings, and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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