Reef Fish Communities on Artificial and Natural Reefs in the Waters of Tuan Island

S.A. El Rahimi; I. Setiawan; T. Rizwan; A. Akhyar; N.A. Zulkarnain

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1599/1/012035

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Reef Fish Communities on Artificial and Natural Reefs in the Waters of Tuan Island

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S.A. El Rahimi, I. Setiawan, T. Rizwan, A. Akhyar, N.A. Zulkarnain

2026 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 1599 Issue 1 Conference paper Cited by 0 SDG 14SDG 17

Abstract

This study evaluates the role of semi pyramidal concrete artificial reefs in supporting reef fish communities in the waters of Tuan Island, Aceh Besar. Data were collected through underwater visual observations on both natural and artificial reefs, focusing on species composition and community structure. Natural reefs hosted 144 individuals from 13 species across 11 families, while artificial reefs recorded 26 individuals from three indicator species. The diversity index (H') of natural reefs ranged from 2.003 to 2.117 (moderate to high), higher than artificial reefs with values of 0.831-0.925 (low to moderate). Evenness (E) was more balanced in artificial reefs (0.756-0.842) than in natural reefs (0.154-0.842), whereas dominance (C) was stronger in artificial reefs (0.456-0.527). Environmental parameters, including temperature (26-28°C), salinity (35‰), and current velocity (0.15 m/s), were within optimal ranges for reef fish survival. These results indicate that while artificial reefs can serve as alternative habitats, their supported species diversity remains limited. Enhancing reef design complexity can improve their ecological function, contributing to marine biodiversity restoration and supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 - Life Below Water by promoting the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Affiliations

School of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Marine Science, Marine and Fisheries Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Capture Fisheries, Marine and Fisheries Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

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