Teuku Reza Ferasyi, Mahdi Abrar, Ismail, Masda Admi, Wahyu Eka Sari, Awaluddin, Rosalia, Lailia Dwi Kusuma Wardhani, Baidillah Zulkifli, Teuku Shaddiq Rosa, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman, Adela Hemelikova
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli is widely used as an indicator organism in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance, with most studies focusing on livestock. However, AMR in companion animals, particularly exotic pet species in Indonesia, remains poorly explored. This preliminary study aimed to presumptively detect resistant E. coli in pigeons, civets, and iguanas housed in pet shops located on Seutui’s main road in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to collect 15 fecal samples from pigeons (n = 9), civets (n = 3), and iguanas (n = 3) kept in three pet shops from June to July 2025. E. coli isolates were confirmed using Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMBA). Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer method against five antibiotics: cephalothin (CEP, 30 μg), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT, 25 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), tetracycline (TE, 30 μg), and chloramphenicol (CHL, 30 μg). Presumptive E. coli positivity was confirmed in 46.67% (7/15) of the fecal samples. Species-specific positivity rates were 44.44% (4/9), 33.33% (1/3), and 66.67% (2/3) in pigeons, civets, and iguanas, respectively. The multidrug resistance (MDR) profile across all isolates was 85.71% (6/7). Species-specific MDR was observed in 75.00% (3/4) of pigeon-derived isolates and 100% of both civet-derived (n = 1) and iguana-derived isolates (n = 2). In conclusion, multidrug-resistant E. coli was detected in pigeons, civets, and iguanas housed in pet shops. A One Health approach and mitigation framework should be implemented to control AMR in pet shops and other relevant veterinary settings. © 2026 The Author(s).
Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Center for Tropical Veterinary Studies–One Health Collaboration Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia; Public Health and Zoonotic Research Group, Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Bachok, 16300, Malaysia; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, 16521, Czech Republic; Liberec Zoo, Liberec, 460 01, Czech Republic
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