Teuku Mukhriza, Muhammad Dani Supardan, Arridina Susan Silitonga, Teuku Zibran, Fachrul Fedura, Husni Husin
The rising demand for sustainable energy has generated interest in biodiesel production from non-edible oils, including castor oil (Ricinus communis). Castor oil is distinguished by its substantial oil output and distinctive fatty acid profile, with ricinoleic acid comprising 80–90% of its total fatty acids. Its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and diminished greenhouse gas emissions render it a suitable biodiesel source. This study investigates the synthesis of biodiesel utilizing a mixture of castor oil and Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larva oil via transesterification. The proportion of castor oil utilized in the production of FAME was modified from 50% to 90%, in conjunction with methanol (6:1) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as a catalyst (1–2% wt/wt) at a temperature of 60°C for a duration of two hours. The biodiesel was purified and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A ratio of 90:10 castor oil to BSF oil with a catalyst concentration of 1.5% produced the optimal yield of 90.7%. The findings demonstrate that castor oil-BSF oil mixtures serve as potential feedstocks for biodiesel production, providing a sustainable substitute for traditional fuels. © 2026 Author(s)
Doctoral Program, School of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Research Center of Palm Oil and Coconut, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Ultimo, 2007, Australia; Center of Renewable Energy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Medan State Polytechnic, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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