Lugyanti Sukrisman, Evy Yunihastuti, Sally Aman Nasution, Eka Ginanjar, Simon Salim, Andhika Rachman, Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo, Rudy Hidayat, Adityo Susilo, Hayatun Nufus, Hermawan Susanto, Darmadi Darmadi, Hery Djagat Purnomo, Andi Makbul Aman, Anggoro Budi Hartopo, Selfie Selfie, Ervita Ritonga, Gede Wira Mahadita, Radiyanti Umi Partan, Azzaki Abubakar, Nur Samsu, Wachid Putranto, Reinaldo Alexander, Dani Rosdiana, Cecilia Hendratta, Akmal M. Hanif, Astried Indrasari, Erwanto Budi Winulyo, Lukman Pura, Djallalluddin, Giri Satriya, Andi M. H. Panjaitan, Elfiani, Budiman Gunawan, Annisa Puspitasari Nachrowi, Kurniakin W. S. Girsang, Erwin A. Pangkahila, Joko Anggoro, Dayang Nurbayati, Fahmi R. Darkuthni, Petrus Irianto, Komariatun, Annelin Kurniati, Haeril Aswar, Nelyan H. Mokoginta, Leily D. Pawa, Edwin Ambar, Riswan, Samuel Pratama, Imam Adli, Nurul Inayah Rahmani, Amalia Zahra Afifah, Muhamad Ilham Fajar, Monika Herliana, Zahra Nuril Anwar, Mariska Andrea Siswanto
Background: Internal medicine specialists have always been one of the pillars that support the health of Indonesian people. Currently, there is no available survey regarding the socio-demography, lifestyle, and income of any medical specialist in Indonesia. This study aims to report this gap of knowledge amongst internists across Indonesia. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional study and was conducted via online questionnaires by The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine Specialists (INASIM) between December 2023 and March 2024. Participants from the existing 39 INASIM branches were selected using cluster random sampling, with a target of 20% of registered internists per branch. Of 1,568 internists invited, 1,082 (69.0%) completed the questionnaire and were included. Results: A total of 1,082 internists participated in this study, mostly male (57.7%), aged 35-49 years old (57.7%), non-academic staff (64.3%), practicing as general internists (76.3%) in 3 locations (70.9%). Distribution discrepancy was observed with 58.0% of general internists and 71.5% of subspecialists practicing in urban areas only. Income analyses showed significant positive correlations with age, working years, working hours, and number of practices. Male internists had higher income than their counterparts, indicating a gender-related income gap. The location of practice did not affect income significantly. Amongst internists, there were approximately 11.1% with a history of smoking, 55.9% with daily coffee consumption, 62.9% with sleep deprivation, and more time spent being sedentary. Conclusion: This study identified distribution discrepancy, a gender-related income gap, and unhealthy lifestyle patterns among Indonesian internists, which are issues that warrant targeted policy responses. Nevertheless, these findings may support future policies on equitable workforce distribution, appropriate incentive systems, and physician wellness programs in Indonesia. © 2026, Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine. All rights reserved.
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia; Universitas Hasanuddin Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Balaraja Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Prof. dr. I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia; School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia; Siloam Hospitals Bekasi Sepanjang Jaya, Bekasi, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Riau, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Andalas, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia; Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional General Hospital, Samarinda, Indonesia; Hermina Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Lampung University, Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek General Hospital, Lampung, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia; Juanda Hospital, Kuningan, Indonesia; Emanuel Hospital, Jawa Tengah, Banjarnegara, India; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jambi, Raden Mattaher Hospital, Jambi, Indonesia; Kharitas Bhakti Hospital, Pontianak, Indonesia; Engku Haji Daud Hospital, Bintan, Indonesia; Karitas Weetabula Hospital, West Sumba, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Regional General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia; dr. Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangkaraya, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia; Jayapura Regional General Hospital, Jayapura, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia; Harapan dan Doa Regional Hospital, Bengkulu, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; Dr. Aloei, Saboe Regional Hospital, Gorontalo, Indonesia; Piru Regional General Hospital, West Seram, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Khairun, Chasan Boesoirie General Hospital, Ternate, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Papua, John Piet Wanane Regional Public Hospital, Sorong, Indonesia
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