Muhammad Sayuthi, Susanna, Farhas Alfarisy
Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a primary pest of stored rice that causes grain perforation, breakage, and powdering. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Vitex trifolia leaf powder as a botanical insecticide against S. oryzae under laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from December 2024 to March 2025, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g of V. trifolia leaf powder per 100 g of rice. The observed parameters included feeding deterrence caused by V. trifolia application, adult mortality, F1 adult emergence time, percentage inhibition of F1 adults' reproduction, percentage of rice weight loss, and the sex ratio of S. oryzae. The results demonstrated a clear dose-dependent response across all measured parameters. Feeding deterrence increased progressively from 44.50% at the 5 g dose to 54.50% at the 25 g dose. Similarly, adult mortality increased from 32.50% at the lowest dose to 82.50% at the highest dose, indicating that the insecticidal efficacy of V. trifolia leaf powder is positively correlated with application rate. F1 adults' emergence was delayed (42.32 days), and progeny numbers were reduced (36.7 individuals) at the 25 g dose. This treatment also resulted in the highest reproductive inhibition (79.58%) and the lowest rice weight loss (3.05%). The sex ratio was male-biased at all doses but decreased with increasing concentrations. Overall, V. trifolia leaf powder demonstrated significant potential as an environmentally safe botanical insecticide against S. oryzae. The 25 g/100 g dose provided the most comprehensive protection for stored rice, supporting the use of this locally available plant material as a viable alternative to synthetic pesticides in sustainable stored-grain pest management systems. ©2026 The authors.
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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