Dina Gunarsih, Mirzam Abdurrachman, Idham Andri Kurniawan
The Karangsambung area is characterized by pillow lava outcrops with different dimensions located at Muncar River (MUR), Mandala River (MAR), and Susu River (SUR). Pillow size indicates the original conditions when the pillow was formed. This research aims to understand the formation conditions of pillow lava and its implication for geologic setting in the Karangsambung area, based on their morphometric, geochemical, and petrographic data, and on the crystal size distribution of the hosted plagioclase. Pillow lavas at MAR are large, with a cooling time between 9.7 and 10.3 months, and a cooling rate between 7.90 and 9.09 × 10–10 K/s. At SUR, the size of pillow lavas is medium, with a cooling time between 5.1 and 10.3 months, and a cooling rate between 33.10 and 36.42 × 10–10 K/s. At MAR, pillow lavas are smaller, with a cooling time between 11.7 and 12 months, and a cooling rate between 1.76 K/s and 1.80 × 10–10 K/s. These results indicate different geological conditions of the pillow lava in Karangsambung. We suggest that pillow lavas at MUR were formed on the most-gentle slope, the depth of the water column was very deep, the cooling time was slower, and the cooling rate decreased. At SUR, pillow lavas were formed at a steeper slope and the depth of the water column was shallower than that of the pillow lava at MUR, but it had the fastest cooling time, and the cooling rate increased. The pillow lavas at MAR were formed at a very steep slope, the depth of the water column was very shallow, leading to slower cooling time and cooling rate. It can be concluded that there were three geological conditions of the formation of pillow lava in this area: (1) the most-gentle slope and very deep water column depth, (2) steep slope and shallower water column depth, (3) very steep slope and very shallow water column depth. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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