Hersandy Dayu Kusuma, Fajriana Shafira Nurrusyda, Diah Nur Oktavia, Zuhrotun Nafisah, Wiwik Purwadi, Rani Nopriyanti, Indra Mawardi, Adi Saputra Ismy, Dessy Amalia, Ari Hardianto
The development of recycling technology for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming a concern for the recovery of valuable materials in waste management. Effective recycling necessitates pretreatment strategies to safety discharging residual energy from LIBs, therefore mitigate hazards such as fires, explosions, and toxic emissions during subsequent steps such as dismantling or shredding. One alternative way that could be used is chemical discharging using an electrolyte solution. This review critically evaluates chemical discharging methods as a promising pretreatment approach for LIB recycling, highlighting their theoretical fundamentals, mechanisms, and environmental implications. Comparative analyses of diverse electrolyte solutions reveal distinct efficiencies, safety profiles, and ecological impacts, underscoring the importance of selecting electrolytes like FeSO₄, which exhibit minimal corrosion and environmental contamination. According to the comparative analysis, the investigation leads to explaining the challenge and subsequent innovation for advancing sustainable and safe LIB recycling at an industrial scale. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2026.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; Department of Applied Science, Vocational School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; Department of Foundry Engineering, Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung, Jl. Kanayakan No.21, Bandung, West Java, 40135, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Lhokseumawe, 24301, Indonesia; National Research and Innovation Agency, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
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