F. Mulana, Azwar, B. Nura, D.W. Harahap
This study develops and characterizes abaca fiber (AF)/graphite/unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) biocomposites, investigating the effect of vinyltrimethoxysilane (TVS) coupling agent (0–8 wt%) on their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. After alkaline and silane functionalization, the abaca fibers were prepared for molding. The composites were then held at 50 bar for 24 hours via compression molding. FTIR analysis confirmed successful silane bonding through enhanced Si–O–C absorption at 825 cm-1, while SEM observations revealed a more homogeneous fiber–matrix interface with reduced voids. The application of silane treatment yielded a substantial improvement in composite characteristics. The modified specimens exhibited an increased density of 1.448 g/cm3, while concurrently demonstrating a reduction in water absorption and thickness swelling to 4.12% and 3.00%, respectively. Characterization results revealed optimal mechanical behavior. The specimens achieved a tensile peak of 35.194 MPa. Flexural performance was also high, measuring 80.264 MPa. TGA results further indicated improved thermal stability in silane-treated composites. These findings demonstrate that surface-engineered natural fibers can overcome interfacial incompatibility-one of the primary limitations in natural fiber composites—while achieving performance comparable to synthetic counterparts. Leveraging graphite as a functional filler allows for the development of resilient materials tailored for the automotive and packaging industries, specifically addressing the need for low water vapor permeability and high load-bearing capacity. From an academic perspective, this study provides a reproducible framework for silane-based interfacial engineering applicable to other agro-industrial fibers, while supporting circular economy strategies through the valorization of agricultural waste and advancing the development of low-carbon structural materials. © 2026, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, c/o Dr. Pratima Sharma. All rights reserved.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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