Puji Astuti, Khairan Khairan, Marthoenis Marthoenis, Kartini Hasballah
Essential oils are gaining popularity for their use in treating depression, including that extracted from patchouli leaves and stems (Pogostemon cablin). Herein, we used patchouli oil (PO) containing a high amount of patchouli alcohol derived from P. cablin var. Tapak Tuan. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant potential of PO, with a variety of patchouli alcohol concentrations obtained from a separation process using vacuum distillation with different temperature ranges. The initial patchouli oil (iPO) was traditionally distilled by a local farmer and further distilled using a rotary evaporator at temperature ranges of 115–160 °C (POF-1); 120–160 °C (POF-2), and 125–160 °C (POF-3), resulting in products with different patchouli alcohol concentrations. POF-3, with the highest patchouli alcohol content of 60.66% (based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), was used for cooling crystallization, resulting in 100% patchouli alcohol crystal (pPA). A tail suspension test (TST) was performed on a rat model to screen the antidepressant potential of iPO and its derivatives. The TST results revealed that POF-3 had the best antidepressant-like effect and was second only to the fluoxetine-based antidepressant, Kalxetin®, where both groups had significant reductions of immobility time post-treatment (p < 0.0001). Other than patchouli alcohol, POF-3 also contained ledol and trans-geraniol, which have been reported for their antidepressant-related activities. Brain dopamine levels increased significantly in the group treated with POF-3 (p < 0.05) as compared with the control group), suggesting its primary anti-depressant mechanism. These findings suggest the potential of vacuum-distilled patchouli oil in reducing depression via dopamine elevation. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; LLDikti Wilayah XIII, Aceh Besar, 23352, Indonesia; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Akademi Keperawatan Tgk. Fakinah, Banda Aceh, 23232, Indonesia; Atsiri Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; PT-PUI Nilam Aceh, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Pusat Riset Obat Herbal, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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