Bustanul Arifin, M. Rifqi Rokhman, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Marianti Manggau, Saidah Rauf, Rasuane Noor, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Maarten J. Postma, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Jurjen van der Schans
Background: Despite a global decline in new HIV/AIDS cases in low-middle countries, cases are increasing in Indonesia. Low knowledge about the disease among the general population is one of the major factors responsible for this trend. Indonesia does not have a validated instrument to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 (HIV-KQ-18) has been translated into several languages and is one of the most extensively used instruments for assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge. This paper describes the process of adapting and validating the HIV-KQ-18, an instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in the general population of Indonesia. Methods: In the adaptation phase, feedback for the initial Bahasa Indonesia version was gathered from two HIV activists, an obstetrician, two general practitioners, and 60 pilot participants. At the validation stage, we distributed the instrument link via Google Form to 6 major regions in Indonesia. Validity was measured using known-group validity and construct validity. The construct validity was assessed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a polychoric correlation matrix. Cronbach’s alpha was used to analyze the internal consistency. Results: Based on the findings in the adaptation phase, additional descriptions (namely synonyms or examples) were added to 6 items to make them more understandable. In the validation phase, 1,249 participants were recruited. The a priori hypothesis in known-group validity was supported. We also found three items that did not meet the construct validity. Based on the acceleration factor approach to interpret the scree tree in the factor analysis, using only two factors was preferable. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.75 and 0.71 representing good internal reliability. Conclusion: The HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia is considered a valid and reliable instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in Indonesia. © 2022, The Author(s).
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, Netherlands; Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics (PTE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Institute of Science in Healthy Ageing and healthcaRE (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Thyroid Center, Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Masohi Nursing Study Program, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Maluku, Ambon, Indonesia; Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, Lampung, Indonesia; Department of Health Behaviour, Environment, and Social Medicine, and Centre of Health Behaviour and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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