Nancy Margarita Rehatta, Susilo Chandra, Djayanti Sari, Mayang Indah Lestari, Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Haizah Nurdin, Belindo Wirabuana, Bintang Pramodana, Adinda Putra Pradhana, Isngadi Isngadi, Novita Anggraeni, Kenanga Marwan Sikumbang, Radian Ahmad Halimi, Zafrullah Khany Jasa, Akhyar Hamonangan Nasution, Mochamat Mochamat, Purwoko Purwoko
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an impact on geriatric patients worldwide since geriatrics itself is an age group with a high risk due to declined physiological function and many comorbidities, especially for those who undergo surgery. In this study, we determine the association between perioperative factors with 30-day mortality and a survival rate of geriatric patients undergoing surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at 14 central hospitals in Indonesia. The recorded variables were perioperative factors, 30-day mortality, and survival rate. Analyses of associations between variables and 30-day mortality were performed using univariate/multivariable logistic regression, and survival rates were determined with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results: We analyzed 1621 elderly patients. The total number of patients who survived within 30 days of observation was 4.3%. Several perioperative factors were associated with 30-day mortality (p < 0.05) is COVID-19 (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.04–18.07; p = 0.04), CCI > 3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–5.26; p = 0.04), emergency surgery (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.96–7.00; p ≤ 0.01), postoperative ICU care (OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.32–5.53; p = 0.01), and adverse events (AEs) in the ICU (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.32–8.96; p = 0.01). Aligned with these findings, COVID-19, CCI > 3, and comorbidities have a log-rank p < 0.05. The six comorbidities that have log-rank p < 0.05 are moderate-to-severe renal disease (log-rank p ≤ 0.01), cerebrovascular disease (log-rank p ≤ 0.01), diabetes with chronic complications (log-rank p = 0.03), metastatic solid tumor (log-rank p = 0.02), dementia (log-rank p ≤ 0.01), and rheumatology disease (log-rank p = 0.03). Conclusions: Having at least one of these conditions, such as COVID-19, comorbidities, emergency surgery, postoperative ICU care, or an AE in the ICU were associated with increased mortality in geriatric patients undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 by the authors.
Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, East Java, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Jakarta, City, 10430, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Sleman, 55281, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, South Sumatera, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Denpasar, 80361, Indonesia; Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, 65125, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau, Riau, Pekanbaru, 28133, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Banjarmasin, 70233, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, West Java, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, North Sumatera, Medan, 20136, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Central Java, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Central Java, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia
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