Farid Samsudin, Melbi Mahardika, Nasrullah Razali, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim
Activated carbon (AC), characterized by its high porosity, surface area, and functional versatility, is essential in environmental remediation, energy storage, and various industrial applications. Producing activated carbon from lignocellulosic agricultural biomass provides notable environmental and economic advantages. This review examines the historical evolution of AC, contemporary methods for its sustainable production, and innovative applications that correspond with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It points out key challenges on the feedstock, variability, energy-intensive processes, and environmental impacts, introducing innovative solutions such as microwave and ultrasonic activation and using artificial intelligence to optimize processes. Future trends are underlined by using circular economy principles and renewable energy integration to improve AC production efficiency and carbon footprint. © 2025, SHPMedia Sdn Bhd. All rights reserved.
Bioresources Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Cluster of Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Minden, 11800, Malaysia
Research at a Glance
Register to unlock
Topics & SDG Alignment
Register to unlock
Collaboration
Register to unlock
Author Profile (Selected)
Register to unlock
References Overview
Register to unlock
Journal & Source
Register to unlock
Metadata & Integrity
Register to unlock