Harapan Harapan, Mahir Gachabayov, Khan Sharun, Daniel M. Felsenreich, Firzan Nainu, Samsul Anwar, Amanda Yufika, Youdiil Ophinni, Chika Yamada, Marhami Fahriani, Milda Husnah, Rawan Raad, Namareg ME. Khiri, Rashed YA. Abdalla, Rashed Y. Adam, Mohajer IH. Ismaeil, Asma Y. Ismail, Wajdi Kacem, Zeineb Teyeb, Khaoula Aloui, Montacer Hafsi, Manel Ferjani, Nasrine Ben Hadj Dahman, Dalia A. Deeb, Dina Emad, Kirellos Said Abbas, Fatma A. Monib, Farah S. Sami, Subramaniam Ramanarayanan, Suhrud Panchawagh, Sunil Anandu, Md Ariful Haque, Lirane ED. Ferreto, María FC. Briones, Rocío BI. Morales, Sebastián Lazcano-Díaz, José TO. Aburto, Jorge ET. Rojas, Emmanuel O. Balogun, Hendrix I. Kusuma, Cut Meurah Yeni, Niken Asri Utami, Seyi S. Enitan, Akele R. Yomi, Abiodun Durosinmi, Esther N. Adejumo, Eyiuche D. Ezigbo, Elham Babadi, Edris Kakemam, Irfan Ullah, Najma I. Malik, Francesco Rosiello, Talha B. Emran, Eva Imelda, Guilherme W. Wendt, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Kuldeep Dhama, Mudatsir Mudatsir
Background: Risk perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are considered important as they impact community health behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 and to assess the factors associated with such risk perceptions among community members in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa, Asia, and South America. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 LMICs in Africa, Asia, and South America from February to May 2021. A questionnaire was utilized to assess the perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 and its plausible determinants. A logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with such risk perceptions. Results: A total of 1,646 responses were included in the analysis of the perceived risk of becoming infected and dying from COVID-19. Our data suggested that 36.4% of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, while only 22.4% had a perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Being a woman, working in healthcare-related sectors, contracting pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, as well as seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV were all associated with a higher perceived risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. In addition, being a woman, elderly, having heart disease and pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, and seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV had a higher perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Conclusions: The perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 are relatively low among respondents; this suggests the need to conduct health campaigns to disseminate knowledge and information on the ongoing pandemic. © 2022 Gachabayov M et al.
Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, 600014, Russian Federation; Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02139, United States; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan; Department of Environmental Coexistence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan; Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Master Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, BAnda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine and General Surgery, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, 407, Sudan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Omdurman, 11111, Sudan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan; Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, 00000, Sudan; Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, 13311, Sudan; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, 12769, Sudan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia; Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, 4180, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-sharkia, 44519, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Nasr City, Cairo, 1181, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Nellikuzhi, Kothamangalam, Kerala, 686691, India; Department of General Medicine, Smt. KashibaiNavale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India; Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China; Department of Public Health and Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrao, 85601-970, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, 2222, Nigeria; Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, 121103, Nigeria; Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, 360102, Nigeria; State Hospital, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, 120101, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 40006, Nigeria; Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 14604, United States; Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516599001, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan; Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan; Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrao, 85601-970, Brazil; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 97, Iran; Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 231111, Indonesia
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