Mawardiana, Darusman, Ichwana Ramli, Zaitun
Agricultural-residue valorization into biochar offers a sustainable pathway for waste management and climate mitigation. This study produced and characterized biochars from three locally available feedstocks in Pidie Regency, Indonesia—young coconut waste (YCW), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and corn cob (CCB)—via pyrolysis in a Kon-Tiki kiln. Pyrolysis experiments for each feedstock were conducted in triplicate to ensure reproducibility, and the resulting biochars were composited into representative samples prior to physicochemical characterization. The resulting biochars exhibited yields of 25–62% and strongly alkaline properties (pH > 11). Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analysis revealed porous carbon-rich structures with minor mineral constituents, while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis indicated high apparent surface areas (1145–3024 m2/g), although these values should be interpreted cautiously due to potential model limitations. Distinct physicochemical differences among feedstocks suggest feedstock-dependent structural development and surface functionality, providing insight into the suitability of locally derived biochars for targeted environmental applications, particularly in alkaline soil amendment and carbon stabilization. ©2026 The authors.
Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Postgraduate School, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jabal Ghafur, Sigli, 24171, Indonesia; Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Pusat Riset Biochar dan Hutan Tropis Lestari, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Environmental Management, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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