Mita Setyowati, Efendi Efendi, Bakhtiar Bakhtiar, Elly Kesumawati
Barangan Merah banana (Musa acuminata Colla) is a banana that can be developed as a table fruit because it is sweet, fragrant, high in vitamin A, and contains beta-carotene. However, this is constrained because this plant does not produce seeds and is susceptible to Fusarium wilt disease. This study aims to obtain diversity of Barangan Merah banana to provide genetic material for subsequent disease resistance screening through in vitro chemical mutation using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). This study used clumps of Barangan Merah banana shoots from in vitro propagation. The shoot eyes were soaked in 0.1% EMS solution for 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours, then cultured in medium using Murashige and Skoog (MS) + benzylaminopurine (BAP) 3 mg L-1 for 4 weeks and continued subculture into medium MS without BAP for 16 weeks. The results showed that the duration of immersion in 0.1% EMS produced varying growth responses in Barangan Merah banana explants. A 1-hour immersion yielded the most optimal results for shoot initiation and growth. Longer immersion periods (2–3 hours) generated mixed effects, enhancing certain vegetative traits such as leaf and root size while reducing shoot height. The putative mutants exhibited darker leaf coloration and tetracytic stomata. The SSR marker STMS7 revealed clear genetic polymorphism, with putative mutant 1A displaying a distinct DNA banding pattern and forming a separate cluster in the phylogenetic analysis. ©2025 The authors.
Doctoral Program in Agricultural Sciences, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Faculty, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, 23615, Indonesia; Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Faculty, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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