Y. Goto, M. Affan, N. Fadli
At 15:38 on Wednesday, April 11, 2012, a magnitude Mw 8.6 earthquake occurred in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The epicenter was 400 km from Banda Aceh, the capital city of Aceh Province in northwest Sumatra. There was almost no damage to structures due to shaking, and no destructive tsunami occurred. However, in Banda Aceh, the Indian Ocean tsunami in December 2004 killed about 70,000 people, one quarter of the population. Residents who felt the earthquake were afraid of a tsunami and about 100,000 people evacuated in a disorderly manner from the coastal area to safe locations. As a result, heavy traffic jams occurred on various parts of main roads, and confusion continued throughout the day. This event was equivalent to a real-scale evacuation experiment without notice. The authors interviewed 1,065 people, 0.73% of the coastal population of Banda Aceh, to determine their evacuation situation and to record the evacuation routes of 786 people. Based on these interviews, we analyzed the evacuation performance of residents, the features of evacuation route selection and the characteristics of places where traffic congestion occurred. This will provide useful information for improving future tsunami evacuation measures for Banda Aceh and for coastal cities with similar tsunami hazard risks. © 2021, Author. All rights reserved.
Kaihatsu-Toranomon Consultant Co. Ltd., Japan; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia
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