H.P.S. Abdul Khalil, Fauziah Jummaat, Esam Bashir Yahya, N.G. Olaiya, A.S. Adnan, Munifah Abdat, N.A.M. Nasir, Ahmad Sukari Halim, U. Seeta Uthaya Kumar, Rahul Bairwan, A.B. Suriani
Biopolymers have been used as a replacement material for synthetic polymers in scaffold forming due to its biocompatibility and nontoxic properties. Production of scaffold for tissue repair is a major part of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering techniques for scaffold forming with cellulose-based material is at the forefront of present-day research. Micro- and nanocellulose-based materials are at the forefront of scientific development in the areas of biomedical engineering. Cellulose in scaffold forming has attracted a lot of attention because of its availability and toxicity properties. The discovery of nanocellulose has further improved the usability of cellulose as a reinforcement in biopolymers intended for scaffold fabrication. Its unique physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties offer some important advantages over synthetic polymer materials. This review presents a critical overview of micro- and nanoscale cellulose-based materials used for scaffold preparation. It also analyses the relationship between the method of fabrication and properties of the fabricated scaffold. The review concludes with future potential research on cellulose micro- and nano-based scaffolds. The review provides an up-to-date summary of the status and future prospective applications of micro- and nanocellulose-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. © 2020 by the authors.
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Management Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40100, Malaysia; CKD Resource Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, USM, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23311, Indonesia; Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus USM, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia; Department of Aeronautical engineering, School of Aeronautics, Neemrana, Rajasthan, 301705, India; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, UPSI, Tanjung Malim, Perak, 35900, Malaysia
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