Muh Akbar Bahar, Bob Wilffert, Harapan Harapan, Firzan Nainu
One of the important hallmarks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the existence of severe inflammatory responses. Many reports indicated that inflammatory mediators might suppress the biological functions of some drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, and therefore result in a transient mismatch between their genotype and phenotype expressions, a phenomenon which is called phenoconversion. The incidence might be clinically relevant to the COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. The patients are treated with multiple drugs that are prone to be altered pharmacokinetically by inflammation-mediated phenoconversion, leading to the modification of their effectiveness and safety. In this review, we discuss the regulation of inflammatory responses during COVID-19 infection and the evidence as well as potential mechanisms of inflammation- mediated phenoconversion. We also provide possible clinical implications of such phenoconversion events as a potential threat in the management of COVID-19 patients. © 2021 Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
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