Eka Kurniasih, Rahmi, Muhammad Dani Supardan, Darusman, Raida Agustina, Elfiana, Ridwan, Cut Aja Rahmawati
Sucrose esters (SEs) are emulsifiers utilized in food products to enhance flavor, color, and texture. This study focused on the synthesis of SEs from crude palm kernel oil methyl ester (CPKOME) and sucrose using Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). CPKOME was derived from off-grade crude palm kernel oil as a byproduct of the palm oil industry. The SEs synthesis was conducted at 30℃, a CALB load of 50 mg, with a stirring speed of 250 rpm. The crude SEs were separated through vacuum filtration and dried at 40℃ for 6 hours. This study aimed to determine the optimum substrate conversion based on reaction time and sucrose concentration. The results showed an optimal substrate conversion of 87.80% (SEs weight of 84.42 g), which was achieved at a sucrose concentration of 400 mg.mL-1 and a reaction time of 12 h. The characteristics of the SEs with optimal conversion obtained were as follows: purity of 91.82%, free sucrose of 1.75%, acid value of 2.93, and free methanol of 8.92 mg·kg-1. SEs have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 12.35 and are classified as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsifiers. The range of HLB values that are considered appropriate to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions is between 8 and 18. Applying SEs of 0.6% (w/v) in a coconut milk emulsion can maintain emulsion stability for 7 days of storage. In addition, SEs showed antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. At a concentration of 1 mg·mL-1, SEs showed an inhibition zone of 7.24 mm after 5 days of incubation. In comparison, gentamicin (positive control) at the same concentration showed an inhibition zone of 24.90 mm. Moreover, this study demonstrates a sustainable enzymatic route to convert off-grade crude palm kernel oil into SEs, which have potential as multifunctional food emulsifiers and antibacterial agents. ©2025 The authors.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Study Program of Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology, Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Lhokseumawe, 24301, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Agriculture Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Study Program of Chemical Engineering Technology, Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Lhokseumawe, 24301, Indonesia
Research at a Glance
Register to unlock
Topics & SDG Alignment
Register to unlock
Collaboration
Register to unlock
Author Profile (Selected)
Register to unlock
References Overview
Register to unlock
Journal & Source
Register to unlock
Metadata & Integrity
Register to unlock