Yudi Haditiar, Muhammad Ikhwan, Haekal Azief Haridhi, Muhammad Nanda, Syahrul Purnawan, Maria Ulfah
Suspended particulate matter is important for coastal water quality, especially in areas vulnerable to both natural dynamics and anthropogenic pressures, such as the Northern Waters of Aceh. The main objective of this study is to validate satellite-derived Total Suspended Matter (TSM) algorithms and assess the feasibility of using high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in tropical coastal environments. Sentinel-2 data at the Top of Atmosphere level were atmospherically corrected using ACOLITE software with optimized Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) masking thresholds to produce remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) suitable for optically complex waters. The Rrs values were then used as input for several suspended matter estimation algorithms, the results of which were compared with in situ field observation data. Validation results indicate that adjusting SWIR thresholds (0.05 and 0.2 Sr⁻1) effectively mitigated data loss due to persistent cloud cover. In addition, sun glint correction was found to reduce the RMSE value and affect the spatial distribution pattern of suspended matter. Physically, the highest TSM concentrations were found around the mouths of Alue Naga and Lampulo, reflecting the dominance of suspended materials transported from the Banda Aceh coast to the NWA. These findings demonstrate that Sentinel-2 imagery with locally optimized processing parameters supports effective routine monitoring of suspended matter and its transport in data-sparse tropical regions. © 2026 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Research Center for Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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