Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mirni Lamid, Mohammad Anam Al-Arif, Herry Agoes Hermadi, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Syahputra Wibowo, Siti Rani Ayuti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Ima Fauziah, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Agung Prasetyo, Suhita Aryaloka, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih
Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi is a major protozoan illness that affects animals worldwide. It is also referred to as “surra” and affects a variety if wild and domestic animals such as sheep, cattle, goats, dogs, buffaloes, pigs, elephants, amongst others. In preparing this review, relevant scientific articles were searched on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases using the keyword “Trypanosoma evansi AND animals”. T. evansi are carried by a vast number of hematophagous flies and are found in the extracellular and internal fluids of certain hosts. Trypanosomosis is mostly characterized by anemia, and the degree of anemia can typically be used as a gauge for the disease's severity. Trypanosomiasis compromises the host animal's immune system and its diagnosis is dependent on a number of factors such as thorough clinical examination, suitable sample collection, sample size, suitable diagnostic test performance, and logical interpretation of test results. The clinical manifestations of trypanosomiasis vary widely in both appearance and severity, ranging from neurological disturbances and skin plaques to vaginal enlargement. Hematophagous biting flies, including Tabanus, Haematopota, Glossina, Chrysops, Lyperosia, Stomoxys, and Hippobusca flies, contribute to the spread of trypanosomiasis. Four medications are primarily used to treat trypanosomiasis: quinapyramine, karetin, diminazene aceturate (Berenil), and melarsomine (cymelarsan). An efficient vaccination program is an additional technique for managing infectious diseases in addition to treatment. The most important step in curtailing the spread of trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi is to stop its transmission by flies via physical and chemical methods. © 2025, Airlangga University. All rights reserved.
Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Banda Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, 60225, Indonesia; Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, 480211, Nigeria; Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Master Program of Veterinary Agribusiness, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Research Center for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
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