Zaidiyah Zaidiyah, Eti Indarti, Sri H. Anwar, Amhar Abubakar
This study investigates the bacterial diversity in spontaneously fermented sourdough using a novel substrate, modified cassava flour (MOCAF), through DNA metabarcoding based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene. Three sourdough formulations were evaluated: pure MOCAF sourdough (M1), a composite of MOCAF and wheat flour sourdough (M2), and wheat-based flour sourdough (M3). MOCAF, a gluten-free substrate, created a highly selective fermentation environment, enriching substrate starch-adapted bacterial specialists such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and L. paraplantarum, which were present in all treated sourdough. Notably, Holzapfeliella floricola was exclusively detected in MOCAF-based sourdough and absent in wheat-based sourdough (M3). Despite its low leavening capacity, M1 exhibited high acidity (pH 3.64) and a distinct sour aroma (total titratable acidity (TTA) 4.79%), indicating intense metabolic activity by lactic acid bacteria. While the wheat sourdough exhibited slightly higher acidity (pH 4.38-3.04; TTA 4-4.97%), the acidification in the M1 was substantial enough to generate the characteristic sour aroma observed. Cluster analysis and alpha diversity indices revealed that M1 harboured the highest species richness but with low evenness, suggesting dominance by a few acid-tolerant taxa. The findings underscore the potential of MOCAF as an innovative fermentation substrate that can shape distinct microbial ecosystems. This offers novel opportunities for the development of gluten-free and functional bakery products characterized by unique fermentation dynamics and flavor profiles. ©2025 The authors.
Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Post Graduate School, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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