Emily Haeuser, Sam Byrne, Jason Nguyen, Catalina Raggi, Susan A. McLaughlin, Catherine Bisignano, Ashley A. Harris, Amanda E. Smith, Paulina A. Lindstedt, Georgia Smith, Samuel James Herold, Olivia D. Nesbit, Taylor Noyes, Noga Shalev, Latera Tesfaye Olana, Catherine M. Antony, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Nancy Fullman, Annie Haakenstad, Jiawei He, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ali H. Mokdad, Christopher J L. Murray, Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden, Reed J D. Sorensen, Chun-Wei Yuan, Stein Emil Vollset, Simon I. Hay, Stephen S. Lim, Jonathan F. Mosser, Andy Stergachis, Farbod Khosravi, Sonali Kochhar, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Hafsa Zia, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Molalegne Bitew, Feven Sahle Gebre, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Dariush Abtahi, Alireza Mirkheshti, Sohrab Salimi, Seyed Mohammad Seyed Alshohadaei, Alireza Shakeri, Ghazal Arjmand, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Rasoul Ebrahimi, Seyed Ataollah Madinezad, Behnaz Niroomand, Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Sara Bagheri, Fereshteh Baghizadeh, Mahdis Bayat, Minoo Heidari Almasi, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Ali Nikoobar, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Firoozeh Madadi, Mehdi Safari, Mastooreh Sagharichi, Maryam Shayan, Zahra Siavashpour, Hasan Aalruz, Mitra Abbasifard, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Mohsen Rezaeian, Faezeh Abbaspour, Shakiba Ghasemi Assl, Atakan Orscelik, Yigit Can Senol, Michael Zastrozhin, Hedayat Abbastabar, Hassan Abolhassani, Amin Azizan, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Nazila Rezaei, Dorsa Salabat, Omid Dadras, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohamed Jalloh, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Sina Shool, Melika Jameie, Jafar Karami, Farzad Kompani, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Amin Mohsenzadeh, Pegah Salimi Pormehr, Amin Sedigh, Farshad Shahkarami, Amin Sharifan, Kazem Ghaffari, Samar Abd Elhafeez, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Iman M. Talaat, Emad M. Abdallah, Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Reda Abdel-Hameed, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Mohammed G M. Zeariya, Atef Abdelkader, Alaa Al Amiry, Abdallah Alzoubi, Akram Ashames, Sulagna Dutta, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Anas Shamsi, Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Wakgari Mosisa Abdisa, Meriem Abdoun, Hakim Rahmoune, Arman Abdous, Mohammad Jokar, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Adam Abdullahi, Samuel Berchi Kankam, Michail Kokkorakis, Heba M. Mohamed, Zuhair S. Natto, Anthony Zhong, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Muktar A. Gadanya, Muhammad Awwal Ladan, Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Kulmira Abdykerimova, Nurila Aryntayeva, Assylkhan Kuttybayev, Batyrbek Assembekov, Dimash Davletov, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Anel Ibrayeva, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Balzhan Lakanova, Alfiya Shamsutdinova, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Sergey Vadimovich Lee, Armita Abedi, Mitra Ashrafi, Nasrin Hanifi, Asrat Agalu Abejew, Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu, Ebrahim Abdela Siraj, Ousman Adal, Shewatatek Melaku Melaku Asefa, Andargie Abate Awoke, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Asnake Gashaw Belayneh, Melesse Belayneh, Gebremariam Getaneh, Awoke Derbie Habteyohannes, Emiru Ayalew Mengistie, Haileyesus Gedamu Wondyifraw, Yazachew Engida Engida Yismaw, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, Syed Hani Abidi, Olumide Abiodun, Rahim Abo Kasem, Richard Gyan Aboagye, David Adedia, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Robert Kokou Dowou, Felix Kwasi Nyande, Verner N. Orish, Eric Osei, Basema Ahmad Saddik, Hamid Alinejad Rokny, Jialing Lin, Gladymar Perez Chacon, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Ulric Sena Abonie, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Nagah Mohamed Abourashed, Mohamed Abouzid, Tomasz M. Karpiński, Dmitry Abramov, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Alanna Gomes da Silva, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva, Gustavo Correia Basto da Silva, Rana Kamal Abu Farha, Alaa B. Al-Tammemi, Moezalislam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, Elham H. Othman, Rafat Mohammad Zrieq, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Nafiu Aminu, Bashiru Garba, Aminu Shittu, Kolapo Oyebola, Eman Abu- Gharbieh, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan, Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya, Shereen M. Aleidi, Hasan Yaser Alniss, Mohammad H. Semreen, Karem H. Alzoubi, Amr Amin, Mohamed A. Saleh, Ashokan Arumugam, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Yasser Bustanji, Mohamed Ahmed Eladl, Noha Mousaad Elemam, M. Azhar Hussain, Shaista Manzoor, Sameh S M. Soliman, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Salahdein Aburuz, Hana J. Abukhadijah, Hanadi Al Hamad, Brijesh Sathian, Kamaruddeen Mannethodi, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Kalpana Singh, Mohamed A. Yassin, Mohammed Z. Allouh, Gulfaraz Khan, Rami H. Al-Rifai, Iffat Elbarazi, Leila Ismail, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan, Meshack Achore, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Juan Manuel Acuna, Byomkesh Talukder, Lisa C. Adams, Felix Busch, Rishi P. Mediratta, Jiayan Zhou, Abdu A. Adamu, Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Tajudeen Adesanmi Adebisi, Kamoru Ademola Adedokun, Oluwatobi Emmanuel E. Adegbile, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Nurudeen A. Adegoke, Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Dolapo Emmanuel Ajala, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mache Tsadik Adhana, Awol Yemane Legesse, Afewerki Tesfahunegn Tesfahunegn Nigusse, Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam, Ripon Kumar Adhikary, Danish Ahmad, Usha Adiga, Mohd Adnan, Fahad D. Algahtani, Yusuf Saleem Khan, Mohammed Kuddus, Husam Qanash, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Ghazala Yunus, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Prince Owusu Adoma, Giuseppina Affinito, Claudio Fiorilla, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Samson Bamidele Olorunju, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Oluwaseyi Isaiah Olabisi, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Saira Afzal, Suneth Buddhika Agampodi, Dhiraj Motilal Agarwal, Sepehr Aghajanian, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Jalal Arabloo, Saeed Biroudian, Fariba Dorostkar, Roya Ghafoury, Hamidreza Hasani, Mohammad Mohseni, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi, Mobin Naghshbandi, Yeganeh Pakbaz, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Arriagada, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Mahsa Ahadi, Seyyed Hamidreza Ayatizadeh, Pooria Fazeli, Azadeh Bashiri, Seyed Nooreddin Faraji, Mreza Goodarzian, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur, Reza Pourbabaki, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi Kiasary, Aqeel Ahmad, Khurshid Ahmad, Rabbiya Ahmad, Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz, Shoaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ayman Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Zisis Gatzioufas, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tabarak Malik, Lidia S. Seifu Tadesse, Ganesh R. Naik, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Naveed Ahmed, Wesam Taher Almagharbeh, Saravanan Muthupandian, Simeon Okechukwu Ajakwe, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Oluwasefunmi Akeju, Richard James Maude, Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe, Karolina Akinosoglou, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Hammad Akram, Ashley E. Akrami, Aniket Dehadrai, Devin Bailey Srivastava, Osamudiamen Ebohon, Sammer Marzouk, Salah Al Awaidy, Mohammad Khaled Al Nawayseh, Omar Al Omari, Omar Ali Mohammed Al Zaabi, Yazan Al Thaher, Abubakar Sha'aban, Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Julie Alaere Atta, Yazan Al-Ajlouni, Dan Shan, Ziyad Al-Aly, Sina Azadnajafabad, Cong Wang, Yohannes Chemere Wondmeneh, Khurshid Alam, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Rehana Basri, Nazmul Alam, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-Amer, Mohammad T. Albataineh, Zaid Altaany, Reema A. Karasneh, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Haitham Khatatbeh, Turki M. Alanzi, Said El-Ashker, Ritesh G. Menezes, Jude Oluwapelumi Alao, Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal, Mohammed Albashtawy, Abdulelah Mastour Aldhahir, Rama Mohan Chandika, Sushil Dohare, Wajiha Rehman, Maseer Khan, Joe Varghese, Mohammed S. Aldossary, Ziad Ahmed Memish, Montaha Al-Iede, Latefa Ali Dardas, Malik Sallam, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Khursheed Aurangzeb, Sultan Ayoub Ayoub Meo, Anusha Sultan Meo, Ali M. Alfalki, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Mahmoud Mabrok, Ashraf Alhumaidi, Abid Ali, Irfan Ali, Liaqat Ali, Asma Saleem Qazi, Riaz Ullah, Mohammad Daud Ali, Rafat Ali, Nasir Salam, Saleha Anwar, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Sumaiya Khan Khan, Taj Mohammad, Shahid Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Muhammad Suleman, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Saeed Aslani, Dereje Zewdu Assefa, Haimanot Ewnetu Hailu, Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen, Morteza Alipour, Samah W. Al-Jabi, Sa'ed H. Zyoud, Ramzi Shawahna, Ahed H. Zyoud, Adel Al-Jumaily, Graeme J. Hankey, Ahmad Alkhatib, Olatunde Aremu, Mustafa Alkhawam, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya, Ramez M. Odat, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Mohammad Al-Wardat, Khalid A. 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Violante, Michael Anderson, Song Peng Ang, Nguyen Hoang Anh, Abhishek Anil, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Ashwathi Prakash, Sojit Tomo, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Anjorin, Hossein Ansariniya, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Abisola Esther Babatope, Oluyemi Adewole Okunlola, Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi, Olumuyiwa James Peter, Aanuoluwa James Salemcity, Saeid Anvari, Behrad Eftekhari, Niloofar Faraji, Farahnaz Joukar, Alireza Feizkhah, Jesil Mathew Aranjani, Mukesh Kumar Sinha, Rajesh Kamath, Pallavi L. C, Jeffrey Pradeep Raj, Virendra S. Ligade, Shalini Ganesh Ganesh Nayak, Siddheesh Rajpurohit, Chythra R. Rao, Demelash Areda, Abdulfatai Aremu, Ismail A. Odetokun, Jesu Arockiaraj, Thanigaivel Sundaram, Mahwish Arooj, Shahid Bashir, Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, Zareen Fatima, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Maseer Khan, Tahir Maqbool, Samiah Shahid, Muhammad Muzaffar, Muhammad Umar, Shumaila Nargus, Wajeehah Shahid, Ahmed Bilal Waqar, Anton A. Artamonov, Deepavalli Arumuganainar, Shivani Chopra, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Giuseppe Minervini, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Navid Rabiee, Sathish Sankar, Baskar Venkidasamy, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Anteneh Assefa Desalegn, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Mohammad Fareed, Tahira Ashraf, Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Yuni Asri, Sachin R. Atre, Sachin C. Sarode, Abiye Assefa Berihun, Alyssa Columbus, Endalkachew Belayneh Melese, Alok Atreya, Samata Nepal, Zeenah A. Atwan, Matteo Augello, Carlo La Vecchia, Babafela B. Awosile, Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo, Sadat Abdulla Aziz, Fryad Majeed Rahman, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Rasha Babiker, Godfred Antony Menezes, Heba M. Mohamed, Ashish D. Badiye, Hansi Bansal, Neeti Kapoor, Razieh Bahreini, Yogesh Bahurupi, Atif Amin Baig, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Shirin Barati, Zarrin Basharat, Quique Bassat, Saurav Basu, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Manoj Sharma, Narasimha M. Beeraka, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Platon D. Lopukhov, Roman V. Polibin, Bezawit K. Bekele, Robert S. Bernstein, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Ginenus Fekadu, Sewunet Admasu Belachew, Colleen L. Lau, Mohammad Ali Moni, Michael Belingheri, Umar Muhammad Bello, Samiun Nazrin Bente Kamal Tune, Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez, Fernando Barroga Garcia, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Talha Bin Emran, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Georgios D. Panos, Saba Tariq, Dinesh Bhandari, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ashmin Hari Bhattarai, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Anjana Munshi, Sabyasachi Senapati, Pramod Kumar Kushawaha, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Baljinder Singh, Poornima Suryanath Singh, Can Bilgin, Bijit Biswas, Mohammad Shahangir Biswas, Firew Tekle Bobo, Wen-Qiang He, Md Moustafa Kamal, Trupti Bodhare, Lucimere Bohn, Felix Carvalho, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Diana Dias da Silva, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Paria Bolourinejad, Soroush Najdaghi, Alejandro Botero Carvajal, Souad Bouaoud, Amel Ouyahia, Dejana Braithwaite, Ruixuan Wang, Hermann Brenner, Danilo Buonsenso, Leonardo Villani, Peter Willeit, Zahid A. Butt, Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay, Luis Alberto Cámera, Angelo Capodici, Giulia Carreras, Andrea Carugno, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Luca Cegolon, Stefano Di Bella, Francieli Cembranel, Muthia Cenderadewi, Theophilus I. Emeto, Muge Cevik, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chakraborty, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Galmesa Bekana Chemeda, An-Tian Chen, Hana Chen, Hana Chen, Nicholas WS Chew, Bryan Chong, Kaung Suu Lwin, Ker-Kan Tan, Patrick R. Ching, William C S. Cho, Hitesh Chopra, Dinh-Toi Chu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Tope Oyelade, David Sunkersing, Sheng-Chia Chung, Muhammad Chutiyami, Gang Liu, Joao Conde, Alexandru Corlateanu, Claudia Cosma, Marco Del Riccio, Bashir Dabo, Ville Kytö, Emanuele D'amico, Caterina Ledda, G. Anil Kumar, Lucio D'anna, Queran Lin, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Celine Tabche, Sanni Yaya, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Nahom Samuel Samuel, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Gary L. Darmstadt, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sindhura Deekonda, Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie, Gebremariam Wulie Geremew, Habtamu Abebe Getahun, Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie, Minichil Chanie Chanie Worku, Mohammad Delsoz, Huiyin Deng, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda, Manish Vinayak, Sasidhar Gunturu, Konstantinos Margetis, Ahmed Shaikh, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Arkadeep Dhali, Kuldeep Dhama, Meghnath Dhimal, Bishnu P. Marasini, Sameer Dhingra, Bibha Dhungel, Atte Meretoja, Marcello Di Pumpo, Daniel Diaz, Adolfo Martinez-Valle, Xueting Ding, Thanh Chi Do, Nhien Ngoc Y. Nguyen, Wendel Mombaque Dos Santos, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Menayit Tamrat Dresse, John Dube, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud Ebraheim, Mohammad Hossein --- Ebrahimi, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Ferry Efendi, Arief Hargono, Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh, Jiseung Kang, Omer Subasi, Min Seo Kim, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Rabie Adel El Arab, Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Mohammed Elshaer, Samar Tharwat, Aya Elalfy, Muhammed Elhadi, Seogsong Jeong, Jinho Kim, Abdelgawad Salah Abdelgawad Eltahawy, Misganu Endriyas, Setegn Eshetie, Gilbert Eshun, Majid Eslami, Dariush Haghmorad, Majid Eslami, Fred Nugen, Farzad Pourghazi, Mahdi Salehi, Manraj Singh Sra, Fahima Nasrin Eva, Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Heidar Fadavian, Haipeng Liu, Ayesha Fahim, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Razana Faiz, Mahsa Faramarzpour, Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh, Andre Faro, Emmanuel Toluwani Fasusi, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Wai-Kit Ming, Wenyi Jin, Adnan Kisa, Fungai Musaigwa, Samendra P. Sherchan, Ellina Lytvyak, Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez, Natan Feter, Florian Fischer, Marco Fonzo, Takeshi Fukumoto, Dominic Dormenyo Gadeka, Irene Akwo Kretchy, Márió Gajdács, Balasankar Ganesan, Xiang Gao, Weiyi Song, Qingzhi Wang, Wei Wang, Lishun Xiao, Xinxin Yang, Tiansong Zhan, Jacopo Garlasco, Rupesh K. Gautam, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Hadush Negash Meles, Ubong Uwem George, Genanew K. Getahun, Fekadeselassie Belege Getaneh, Arin Ghamkhar, Haniyeh Ghasrsaz, Gloria Gheno, Nermin Ghith, Arun Ghuge, Artyom Urievich Gil, Alessandro Girombelli, Laszlo Göbölös, Aayushi Sood, Amit Goel, Mahaveer Golechha, Davide Golinelli, Shi-Yang Guan, Giovanni Guarducci, Amit Gulati, Anish Kumar Gupta, Ishita Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Prince Peprah, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, Jose Guzman-Esquivel, Pritam Halder, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Jogender Kumar, Islam M. Hamad, Nadia M. Hamdy, Abdallah M. Samy, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Harapan Harapan, Josep Maria Haro, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Mohammad Jahid Hasan, Ammarah Hasnain, Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I. Hegazy, Hagar Mowafy, May Mohamed Sherif Soliman, Noha Salah Soliman, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Sumudu Avanthi Hewage, Qing Xia, Majid Heydari, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Shuhei Nomura, Santosh Kumar Rauniyar, Alamgir Hossain, Md Mahbub Hossain, Saeed Ullah, Md Mahbub Hossain, Md Sahidul Islam, Md Mahbub Hossain, Md Munnaf Hossen, Mihaela Hostiuc, Clara N. Matei, Mircea Tampa, Ionut Negoi, Dragos Serban, Priya Hotwani, Nafhat Shaikh, Hanno Hoven, Chengxi Hu, Junjie Huang, Laiang Yao, Kiavash Hushmandi, Javid Hussain, Abdul Arif Khan, Syed Ahsan Ahsan Shahid, Atta Ullah, Zakira Naureen, Nawfal R. Hussein, Khalid S. Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim Husseiny, Mohamed M.M. Metwally, Aly M A. Saad, Galal Yahya, Hong-Han Huynh, Benni Iskandar, Maria Dyah Kurniasari, Minh Huu Nhat Le, Kieu Viet Nguyen Nhi, Bing-Fang Hwang, Nuheila Ibrahim, Irena M. Ilic, Aleksandar Stevanović, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Arit Inok, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Teresa R. Iskander, Md Sahidul Islam, Md Sahidul Islam, Faisal Ismail, Mosimah Charles Ituka, Masao Iwagami, Louis Jacob, Ali Jadidi, Haitham Jahrami, Ayushi Jain, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Jay Tewari, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, James Fan Wu, Armaan Jamal, Jerin James, Hasan Jamil, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Talha Jawaid, Qassim Jawell Odah Abed, Shubha Jayaram, Ravi Prakash Jha, Poornima Suryanath Singh, Sumaira Mubarik, Chuanhua Yu, Jobin Jose, Jobin Jose, Nitin Joseph, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Kripa Josten, Shiran Shetty, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Dler H. Hussein Kadir, Md Moustafa Kamal, Ramat T. Kamorudeen, Naser Kamyari, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi, Mona Kanaan, Saddam Fuad Kanaan, Yohannes Kinfu, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, S. Suthanthira Kannan, Rami S. Kantar, André Karch, Manoj Kumar Kashyap, Kamal Kumar, Himanshu Khajuria, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Kavita Munjal, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mohammad Ali Khaksar, Romil R. Parikh, Maryam Moradi, Morteza Saki, Zahra Shokati Eshkiki, Nauman Khalid, Faham Khamesipour, Faiz Ullah Khan, Jue Liu, Xiyu Zhang, Peng Li, Maseer Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq Khan, Faiz Ullah Khan, Chulwoo Park, Zahid Khan, Vishnu Khanal, Sameer Uttamaro Khasbage, Khaled Khatab, Afshin Khazaei, Grace Kim, Kwanghyun Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, K.M. Shivakumar, Oleksii Korzh, Anton Sokhan, Karel Kostev, Parvaiz A. Koul, James-Paul Kretchy, Kewal Krishan, Vishal Sharma, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Raja Amir Hassan Kuchay, Ilari Kuitunen, Fakher Rahim, Emmanuel Kumah, Dewesh Kumar, Narendar Kumar, Satyajit Kundu, Setor K. Kunutsor, Asep Kusnali, Dian Kusuma, Indang Trihandini, Wai Hang Patrick Kwong, Frank Kyei-Arthur, Chandrakant Lahariya, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Huu-Hoai Le, Quynh Thuy Huong Tran, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Sergey Vadimovich Lee, Nhat Truong Pham, Seung Won Lee, Elvynna Leong, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Shrikant Pawar, Saeed Rahmani, Patrick Y. Liu, Kieu Viet Nhi Nguyen, Zhe Liu, Erand Llanaj, José Francisco López-Gil, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Abhilash Ludhiadch, Peng Luo, Angelina M. Lutambi, Lei Lv, Miltiadis D. Lytras, Ahmed M. Afifi, Zheng Feei Ma, Shamsuddeen Yusuf Yusuf Ma'aruf, Monika Machoy, Farzan Madadizadeh, Aurea Marilia Madureira-Carvalho, Sasikumar Mahalingam, Samatar Abshir Mahamed, Nozad H. Mahmood, Shahid Malik, Biniyam Tedla Tedla Mamo, Lokesh Manjani, Farheen Mansoor, Hamid Reza Marateb, Michael Marks- Hultström, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Miquel Martorell, Roy Rillera Marzo, Stefano Masi, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna, Medha Mathur, Neeta Mathur, Adrija Roy, Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline Mbachu, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Steven M. McPhail, María Paz Medel Salas, Vini Mehta, Subhash Mehto, James Meiring, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Reem Mohamad Hani Temsah., Walter Mendoza, Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot, A. Mentis. Alexios-Fotios, Sachith Mettananda, Irmina Maria Michalek, Andreea Mirica, Vinaytosh Mishra, Pallav Sengupta, Jama Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Syam Mohan, Peyman Mokhtarzadehazar, Sajjad Pourasghary, Soroush Soraneh, Lorenzo Monasta, Giulia Zamagni, Yousef Moradi, Azad Shokri, Paula Moraga, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Shane Douglas Morrison, Mahmoud M. Morsy, Seyed Ahmad Mousavi, Rabia Mubarak, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Sumoni Mukherjee, Prashant Sood, Francesk Mulita, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa, Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha, Claude Mambo Mambo Muvunyi, Woojae Myung, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Ayoub Nafei, Pirouz Naghavi, Amirhossein Naghibzadeh, Ganesh R. Naik, Firzan Nainu, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Arindam Nandi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Mahmoud Nassar, Md Fahad Shahariar Nayon, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, Pacifique Ndishimye, Quan Nguyen Khoi, Tung Thanh Pham, Dimitri Poddighe, Nguyen Ngoc Yen Nhi, Robina Khan Niazi, Luciano Nieddu, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Oluwafemi G. Gabriel Oluwole, Valentine C. Nriagu, Jean Claude Nshimiyimana, Mengistu H. Nunemo, Bogdan Oancea, Mary Aigbiremo Oboh, Michael Safo Oduro, Tunde Emmanuel Ogundare, Oluwafunmilayo Tosin Ogundeko-Olugbami, Olusegun Olatunji Ojedoyin, Onyedika A. Okoli, John Olayemi Okunlola, Edgar Ortiz- Brizuela, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Comfort Z. Z. Olorunsaiye, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Folorunsho Bright Omage, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Chizaram A. Onyeaghala, Marcel Opitz, Michal Ordak, Magdalena Zielińska, Alberto Ortiz, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Augustus Osborne, Oche Joseph Otorkpa, Ilker Ozsahin, Umar Saeed, Tamás Palicz, Sujogya Kumar Panda, Dimitrios Patoulias, Leonidas D. D. Panos, Mario Virgilio Papa, Shahina Pardhan, Utsav Parekh, Roberto Passera, Mitesh Patel, Neel Navinkumar Patel, Shankargouda Patil, Shrikant Pawar, Jarmila Pekarcikova, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Gavin Pereira, Marcin W. Wojewodzic, Simone Perna, Simone Villa, Pavlo Petakh, Edoardo Pirera, Ramesh Poluru, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Jyotirekha Purohit, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Xiang Qi, Zhipeng Qi, Gangzhen Qian, Basuki Rachmat, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Sajjad Rahimi, Mohammad Sarmadi, Sunil Kumar Raina, Adarsh Raja, Gunaseelan Rajendran, Chitra Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Kamleshun Ramphul, Kirtan Rana, Rishabh Kumar Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Nemanja Rancic, Smitha Rani, Sowmya J. Rao, Md. Abdur Rashid, Azad Rasul, Devarajan Rathish, Nuwan Darshana Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abdur Rauf, Elrashdy Redwan, Luis Felipe Reyes, Mina Rezaei, Abanoub Riad, Moattar Raza Rizvi, Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha, Leonardo Roever, Amirhossein Roshanshad, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Chandan Kumar Swain, Maheswar Satpathy, Nitai Roy, Sharmistha Roy, Sharmistha Roy, Guilherme de Andrade Ruela, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Tarannom Sadegh, Fatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Dominic Sagoe, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Md Refat Uz Zaman Sajib, Mirza Rizwan Sajid, Dauda Salihu, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Adekunle Sanyaolu, Jacob Owusu Sarfo, Hemen Sarma, Mehrdad Savabi Far, S. Shima Tajabadi, Monika Sawhney, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Christophe Schinckus, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Art Schuermans, Jef Van den Eynde, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Yashendra Sethi, Muhammad Shahab, Muhammad Waqas, Fatemeh Shahrahmani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran, Bunty Sharma, Suchitra M. Shenoy, Md. Monir Hossain Shimul, Md.Salman Sohel, Kerem Shuval, Ayesha Siddiqua, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Bhim Pratap Singh, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Jasvinder A. Singh, Natia Skhvitaridze, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Ahmed M. Soliman, Michele Sorrentino, Michael Spartalis, Bahadar S. Srichawla, Vignes Anand Srinivasalu, Manikandan Srinivasan, Surajo Kamilu Kamilu Sulaiman, Muritala Odidi Suleiman Odidi, Mark J M. Sullman, Zhong Sun, Tarun Kumar Suvvari, Lukasz Szarpak, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Ramin Tabibi, Takahiro Tabuchi, Anika Tasnim, Nathan Y. Tat, Vivian Y. Tat, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Gizaw Hailiye Teferi, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Marius Belmondo Tincho, Khaled Trabelsi, Tam Quoc Minh Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc., Tulika Tripathi, Samuel Joseph Tromans, Claudia Truppa, Daniel Hsiang-Te Tsai, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Abraham Tsedalu Tsedalu Amare, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Lilian Tzivian, Lawan Umar, Brigid Unim, Era Upadhyay, Jeba Mahiad Urmey, Hande Uzunçıbuk, Nazim Uzzaman, Pratyusha Vadagam, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Senthil Visaga Ambi, Yasir Waheed, Megha Walia, Xing Wang, Joseph L. Ward, Yilkal Abebaw Wassie, Ishanka Weerasekara, Angga Wilandika, Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah, Felicia Wu, Guangqin Xiao, Wanqing Xie, Site Xu, Mingyang Xue, Sajad Yaghoubi, Saba Yahoo (syed), Hanwen Yang, Yuichi Yasufuku, Meghdad Yeganeh, Saber Yezli, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Umar Yunusa, Manijeh Zaghampour, Fathiah Zakham, Mohammed Zawiah, Alemu Birara Birara Zemariam, Casper J. P. Zhang, Bin Zhu, Ghazal Zoghi
Background: Since its inception in 1974, the Essential Programme on Immunization (EPI) has achieved remarkable success, averting the deaths of an estimated 154 million children worldwide through routine childhood vaccination. However, more recent decades have seen persistent coverage inequities and stagnating progress, which have been further amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, WHO set ambitious goals for improving vaccine coverage globally through the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Now halfway through the decade, understanding past and recent coverage trends can help inform and reorient strategies for approaching these aims in the next 5 years. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2023, this study provides updated global, regional, and national estimates of routine childhood vaccine coverage from 1980 to 2023 for 204 countries and territories for 11 vaccine-dose combinations recommended by WHO for all children globally. Employing advanced modelling techniques, this analysis accounts for data biases and heterogeneity and integrates new methodologies to model vaccine scale-up and COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions. To contextualise historic coverage trends and gains still needed to achieve the IA2030 coverage targets, we supplement these results with several secondary analyses: (1) we assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on vaccine coverage; (2) we forecast coverage of select life-course vaccines up to 2030; and (3) we analyse progress needed to reduce the number of zero-dose children by half between 2023 and 2030. Findings: Overall, global coverage for the original EPI vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (first dose [DTP1] and third dose [DTP3]), measles (MCV1), polio (Pol3), and tuberculosis (BCG) nearly doubled from 1980 to 2023. However, this long-term trend masks recent challenges. Coverage gains slowed between 2010 and 2019 in many countries and territories, including declines in 21 of 36 high-income countries and territories for at least one of these vaccine doses (excluding BCG, which has been removed from routine immunisation schedules in some countries and territories). The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, with global rates for these vaccines declining sharply since 2020, and still not returning to pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels as of 2023. Coverage for newer vaccines developed and introduced in more recent years, such as immunisations against pneumococcal disease (PCV3) and rotavirus (complete series; RotaC) and a second dose of the measles vaccine (MCV2), saw continued increases globally during the COVID-19 pandemic due to ongoing introductions and scale-ups, but at slower rates than expected in the absence of the pandemic. Forecasts to 2030 for DTP3, PCV3, and MCV2 suggest that only DTP3 would reach the IA2030 target of 90% global coverage, and only under an optimistic scenario. The number of zero-dose children, proxied as children younger than 1 year who do not receive DTP1, decreased by 74·9% (95% uncertainty interval 72·1–77·3) globally between 1980 and 2019, with most of those declines reached during the 1980s and the 2000s. After 2019, counts of zero-dose children rose to a COVID 19-era peak of 18·6 million (17·6–20·0) in 2021. Most zero-dose children remain concentrated in conflict-affected regions and those with various constraints on resources available to put towards vaccination services, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2023, more than 50% of the 15·7 million (14·6–17·0) global zero-dose children resided in just eight countries (Nigeria, India, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Indonesia, and Brazil), emphasising persistent inequities. Interpretation: Our estimates of current vaccine coverage and forecasts to 2030 suggest that achieving IA2030 targets, such as halving zero-dose children compared with 2019 levels and reaching 90% global coverage for life-course vaccines DTP3, PCV3, and MCV2, will require accelerated progress. Substantial increases in coverage are necessary in many countries and territories, with those in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia facing the greatest challenges. Recent declines will need to be reversed to restore previous coverage levels in Latin America and the Caribbean, especially for DTP1, DTP3, and Pol3. These findings underscore the crucial need for targeted, equitable immunisation strategies. Strengthening primary health-care systems, addressing vaccine misinformation and hesitancy, and adapting to local contexts are essential to advancing coverage. COVID-19 pandemic recovery efforts, such as WHO's Big Catch-Up, as well as efforts to bolster routine services must prioritise reaching marginalised populations and target subnational geographies to regain lost ground and achieve global immunisation goals. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States; Department of Applied Mathematics; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine; Department of Radiology; Cardiothoracic Imaging Section; Department of Global Health; Department of Biostatistics; Department of Pharmacy; Department of Epidemiology; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC); Department of Microbial, Cellular, and Molecular Biology; Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Ethiopia; College of Health Sciences; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology; School of Medicine; School of Medical Education and Learning Technologies; Cancer Research Center; Obesity Research Center; Social Determinants of Health Research Center; Anesthesiology Research Center; School of Public Health; Department of Health; Faculty of Medicine; Ophthalmic Research Center (ORC); Radio-Oncology Department, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nursing; Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Internal Medicine; Clinical Research Development Unit; Department of Immunology; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Medicine; Department of Global Health Sciences; Department of Neurosurgery; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies; Rheumatology Research Center; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center; Pastor Institute, India; Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Iran; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center; Iranian Center of Neurological Research; Children's Medical Center; Urology Research Center; Urology Department; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute; Department of Research and Development; Department of Medical Education; Sina Hospital; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tropical Health Department; Department of Pathology; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biology; Department of Health Informatics, College of Applied Medical Sciences; Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Basic Science Department; University of Ha’il, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Department of Zoology and Entomology; Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Mathematics and Sciences; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research; Department of Pathological Sciences; Ajman University; College of Medicine; Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research; Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases; Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Institute of Health; Jimma University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia; LIRSSEI Research Lab; University of Setif Algeria, Sétif, Algeria; Department of Health, Sétif, Algeria; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Young Researchers and Elite Club; Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; Community and Maternity Nursing Unit; Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq; Department of Population and Global Health; T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Global Health & Population; Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology; Department of Ophthalmology; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Physiotherapy; Department of Community Medicine; Department of Nursing Science; Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria; Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria; Department of Research; Toufik's World Medical Association, Antonova, Ukraine; Department of General Surgery and Clinical Anatomy; Department of Public Health; Atchabar Scientific Research Institute; B. Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine; Scientific and Technological Park; Science and Technology Park; Research and Publication Activity Division; Science Department; Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine; Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Emergency Medicine; Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; School of Pharmacy; Department of Emergency and Critical Care; School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing; Health Systems Management and Health Economics; Department of Medical Microbiology; Department of Adult Health Nursing; Bahir Dar University; Department of Pharmacology; Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Postgraduate Department; University of Sierra Sur, Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz, Mexico; Centre for Social Data Science; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan; Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria; University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Surgery; Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic; Department of Family and Community Health; School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Health and Allied Sciences; University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; School of Population Health; The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; International Centre for Future Health Systems; Kirby Institute, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation; Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Healthy Africans Platform, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences; University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department; Benha University, Benha, Egypt; Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics; Department of Medical Microbiology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States; Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Nursing; Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department; Applied Science Research Center; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Nursing; Applied Science Research Centre; Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Sciences; Department of Restorative Dentistry; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics; Clinical Sciences Department; Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences; Department of Basic Medical Sciences; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, United Arab Emirates; Department of Finance and Economics; Research Institute for Medical and Health Science; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences; Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy; University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Medical Research Center; Department of Geriatric and Long Term Care; Rumailah Hospital, Qatar; Corporate Nursing and Midwifery Research Department; Nursing & Midwifery Research Department (NMRD); Research Department; Hematology Section; Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Institute of Public Health; Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering; Family Medicine Department; United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Population Health; School of Health Professions and Human Services; Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States; Department of Clinical Medicine; American University of Antigua, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda; FIU Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, United States; Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; School of Medicine and Health; Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Microbiology; Ladoke Akintola University, Osogbo, Nigeria; Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Pediatrics; East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research; Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, Johnson City, TN, United States; Menzies School of Health Research; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Bowen University Hospital, Nigeria; Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Department of Family Medicine; Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry; Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; Obstetrics and Gynecology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience; Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh; Research School of Population Health; School of Medicine and Psychology; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Apollo Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research Chittoor, India; Apollo Hospital, Chittoor, India; Department of Biology, College of Science; College of Public Health & Health Informatics; Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre; Department of Basic Science; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing; University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia; Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Health Administration and Education; University of Education Winneba, Winneba, Ghana; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; University of Naples, Naples, Italy; MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Statistics; Osun State University, Osogbo, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; Department of Health Promotion and Education; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of New Initiatives; International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Vadu Rural Health Program; KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India; Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center; Health Management and Economics Research Center; Medical Ethics Department; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Health Services Management; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center; Hazrat-e-Rasool General Hospital; Rajaei Cardiovascular Research Center; Breast Health and Cancer Research Center; Physiology Research Center; Department of Physiology; Center for Technology and Innovation in Cardiovascular Informatics; The Five Senses Health Institute; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pfizer Inc., Santiago, Chile; Department of Public Health Sciences; Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Rajaie Trauma Research center; Trauma Research Center; Health Information Management; Department of Medical Immunology; Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine; Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia; Public Health Foundation of India, Gandhinagar, India; Department of Health Informatics; Qassim University, Buraidha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Advanced Medical & Dental Institute; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacy Practice; The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Pakistan; St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Endemic Diseases; Unit of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biosciences; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Institute of Health, School of Medicine; Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; College of Medicine and Public Health; Department of Nursing and Health Sciences; Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Department of Assistance Medical Sciences; Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research; University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States; ICT Convergence Research Centre; Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology; St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Oxford Vaccine Group; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases; University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Department of Cardiology; Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Infection Prevention & Control; Baylor Scott & White Health, Frisco, TX, United States; VentrureBlick, India; Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine; Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States; Feinberg School of Medicine; Medical Scientist Training Program; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Communicable Diseases; Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Africa Influenza Stakeholders Network, Muscat, Oman; The university of Jordan, Jordan; Jordanian Public Health Society, Amman, Jordan; Fundamentals and Administration Department; Department of Adult Health and Critical Care; Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Faculty of Pharmacy; Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Management Policy and Community Health Department; University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States; Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Brown School of Public Health, United States; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Clinical Epidemiology Center; US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St. Louis, MO, United States; Murdoch Business School, Australia; Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Preventive Dentistry Department; Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Sam Houston State University, Hunsville, TX, United States; Asian University for Women, Chittagong, Bangladesh; Department of Basic Sciences; Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; School of Nursing and Midwifery, India; Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Health Information Management and Technology; Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies; Division of Forensic Medicine; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary studies; Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice; University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen; Department of Community and Mental Health; Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan; Respiratory Therapy Program; Clinical Nutrition Department; Epidemiology Program; College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Research & Innovation Center; Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; The School of Medicine; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine; Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine; The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; Department of Computer Engineering; University Diabetes Center; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology; Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Ibn Al-Nafis University for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen; Department of Zoology; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan; Department of Statistics and Operations Research; Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences; Centre For Interdisciplinary Research In Basic Sciences (CIRBSc); Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology; University of Swat, Charbagh, Pakistan; Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology; University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan; Institute of Health and Wellbeing; Federation University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences; Monash Addiction Research Center; Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physics; University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy; Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology; Department of Chemistry; An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Information and Communication Technology Research Pole (Lab-STICC), France; ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France; College of Life Sciences; Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Divivsion; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Allied Medical Sciences; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Independent Consultant, Amman, Jordan; Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Department of Parasitology; University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen; Ophthalmology Department; Neurology Department; University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan; Department of Respiratory Care; Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait; Department of Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry; Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia; Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen; Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States; Macro-Fiscal Policy Department; Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems; Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Research, Policy, and Training Directorate; Jordan Center for Disease Control, Amman, Jordan; Department of Specialty Internal Medicine; Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Respiratory Therapy; Respiratory Therapy Unit; Department of Family and Community Medicine; Rabigh Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dental Public Health; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Research Group in Health Economics; Universidad de Cartagena (University of Cartagena), Cartagena, Colombia; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies; Department of Economic Sciences; Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia; National Health Observatory; National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Sciences; Azal University for Human Development, Sana'a, Yemen; University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates; Lerner College of Medicine; Internal Medicine Department; Lerner Research Institute; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD); Maternal and Child Health Division; Department of Maternal and Child Health; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Bangladesh; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; University of London, London, United Kingdom; Molecular and Medicine Research Center; Department of Laboratory Sciences; Laboratory Science Department; Operating Room Department; Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology; Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Biomedical Image Computing & Analytics; Department of Pathobiology; Center for Global Health; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Department of Medicine and Surgery; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centre for Primary Care & Health Services Research; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rutgers University, Toms River, NJ, United States; Department of General Medicine; Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Vietnam, Thai Binh City, Viet Nam; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India; Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria; Reproductive Immunology Research Center; Immunology Department; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; Mathematical and Computer Sciences; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology; Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Epidemiology and Biostastistics; University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria; Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-disciplinary Center; Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center; Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center; Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology; Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center; Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS); Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Prasanna School of Public Health; Kasturba Medical College Manipal; Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management; Manipal College of Nursing; Department of Hepatology; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; College of Art and Science; Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, United States; School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Biotechnology-Faculty of Science and Humanities; Department of Biotechnology; Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India; University College of Medicine & Dentistry; University Institute of Food Science and Technology; University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology; University College of Dentistry; University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Department of Technology; Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS); University Institute of Public Health; Lahore Business School; Faculty of Sciences; The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute for Biomedical Problems; Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Periodontics; Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, India; Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, India; Department of Biomaterials; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Department of Clinical Disciplines; Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Community Medicine and Global Health; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research (PJBMR), Pakistan, Pakistan; School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia; Nursing Department; Faculty of Health Science; Institute of Technology and Health Science RS dr Soepraoen, Malang, Indonesia; Hospital and Research Centre; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India; Center for Clinical Global Health Education; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Forensic Medicine; Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal; University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Department of Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy; Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States; Medicinal Chemistry Unit; Kwara State University, Ilorin, Malete, Nigeria; Centre for Drug Research; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Anesthesia; Cihan University -Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; College of Science; University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, DE, United States; October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt; Physiology Department; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; RAK College of Nursing; RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Forensic Science; Government Institute of Forensic Science Nagpur, Nagpur, India; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India; College of Optometry; Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, United States; Community Medicine Department; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India; International Medical School; Management and Science University, Alam, Malaysia; Division of Biological Sciences; Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai, India; Chen Senior Medical Center, Tamarac, FL, United States; Department of Anatomy; Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran; Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan; Barcelona Institute for Global Health; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; ESI-PGIMSR, ESIC Medical College & Hospital Joka, Kolkata, Kolkata, India; Department of Social and Behavioral Health; University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States; IT Department; Coforge, Georgia, GA, United States; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology; Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Milken Institute of Public Health, United States; George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Centre for Clinical Research; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; Department of Physiotherapy and Paramedicine; Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health; BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Health Policy and Administration; Department of Neurosciences; University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Community and Family Medicine; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India; Community Health Department; University of South Wales, South Wales, United Kingdom; North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States; Institute of Applied Health Research; Division of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Metabolism and Systems Science; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Wayne State University, Gross Pointe Woods, MI, United States; Global Health Neurology Lab; NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; The Translational and Clinical Research Institute; Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; NTAGI Secretariat; National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India; Program Management Department; Emotional Well-Being Institute Canada, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Department of Computer Science & Engineering; Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; TAF Uludag Winter Training Center; Turkish Ministry of Defence, Bursa, Turkey; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh; Centre for the Study of Regional Development; Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Department of Physical Education and Health; Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay; Centre for Disability Research and Policy; Faculty of Medicine and Health; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramanathapuram, India; Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport; University Lusofona, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure; Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO); Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S); UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Uni; University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Demography and Population Studies; University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Heart Failure Research Center; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Facultad de Salud (Faculty of Health); Universidad Santiago de Cali (Santiago de Cali University), Cali, Colombia; University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Sétif, Algeria; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Sétif, Algeria; Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Cancer Population Sciences Program; University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Global Health Research Institute; Department of Health Science and Public Health; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of Sacred Heart), Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; School of Public Health Sciences; University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Al Shifa School of Public Health; Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Faculty of Health Sciences Healthcare Management Department; Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unit of Hygiene and Public Health; Romagna Local Health Authority, Forlì-Cesena, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health Science; Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy; Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Department of Psychiatry; University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Public Health Department; Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group; National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia; Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences; Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences; University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Public Health Unit; University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy; Department of Nutrition; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences; Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia; Infection and Global Health Research; University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom; Regional Infectious Diseases Unit; NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Adamas University, Kolkata, India; Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery; Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea; State Disease Investigation Laboratory; Animal Resources Development Department, Agartala, India; Temerty Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India; EPI; Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Fuwai Hospital, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences; Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia; Clinical Research Center; Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Clinical Oncology; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Research Impact & Outcome; Chitkara University, Rajpura, India; The Interdisciplinary Research Group on Biomedicine and Health; Faculty of Applied Sciences; VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Division of Medicine; Department of Population Health Sciences; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom; Department of Health Behavior; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Nova Medical School, Portugal; Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology; Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova; University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Research Center for Child Psychiatry; Heart Center; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia"; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India; Department of Brain Sciences; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training; Department of Primary Care and Public Health; The George Institute for Global Health, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Heath and Medical Sciences; Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute of Research and Development; School of Computer Science; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Department of Information Technology; University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States; Department of Medical Biochemistry; College of Medicine and Health science; University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Infectieziekten in de Eerste Lijn Programme; Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands; University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States; Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Nutrition and Health Research; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmacology Division; Center for Life Sciences Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Division of Pathology; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India; Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, Hajipur, India; Population Interventions Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Life Science and Public Health; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Escola Superior de Saúde; Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Science; Health Policy and Population Research Center (CIPPS); National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Joe C. Wen School of Population & Public Health; University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Departamento de Responsabilidade Social (Department of Social Responsibility); Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare; Joanna Briggs Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; South Plainfield, NJ, United States; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada; Faculty of Science and Humanities; SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine; School of Medicine and Population Health; University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Delta State, Nigeria; Histology Department; Zagazig university, zagazig, Egypt; Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center; Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Higher School of Technology; Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco; Advanced Nursing Department; Department of Epidemiology Population Biostatistics and Health Promotion; Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; Isenberg School of Management; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Department of Orthopaedics; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Ahvaz, Iran; Faculty of Science and Health; University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Almoosa College of Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; Tanta University, Tanta city, Egypt; Texila American University, Guyana, Guyana; Clinical Pathology Department-Faculty of Medicine; Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Department of Clinical Pathology; Rheumatology and Immunology Unit; Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Internal Medicine Residency; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States; School of Health and Environmental Science; Department of Health Policy and Management; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt; Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate; South Ethiopia Region Public Health Institute, Jinka, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Australian Center for Precision Health; University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Wassa Amenfi East Municipal Health Directorate; Ghana Health Service, Wassa Akropong, Ghana; Department of Bacteriology and Virology; Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Semnan University of Medical Scinces, Semnan, Iran; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering; Department of Endocrinology; Department of Hematology; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Research Centre for Healthcare and Community; Centre for Intelligent Healthcare; Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom; Department of Oral Biology; Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Male, Maldives; Leishmaniasis Research Center; Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center; Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India; Department of Psychology; Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University System of Georgia, Statesboro, GA, United States; Pharmacy Department; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology and Physiology; Department of International Health and Sustainable Development; Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States; Cardiovascular Health and Imaging Laboratory; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain; Deparment of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health; University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Dermatology; Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research; University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Health & Management, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Key Lab of Environment and Health; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; SIMAD University Mogadishu, Mogadishu, Somalia; Infectious Diseases Unit; University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Midwifery Department; Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia; Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, India; Department of Midwifery; Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Akwa Ibom State University; University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran; Family and Community Medicine Department; King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, United States; Research Group for Childhood Cancer; Cancer Research Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Government Institute of Science, Nagpur, India; Department of Clinical Research; National Institute For Research In Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India; World Health Organization (WHO), Astana, Kazakhstan; Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, lugano, Switzerland; Department of Cardiac Surgery; Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Quantitative Health Science; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; Department of Health Systems and Policy Research; Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India; Department of Life Sciences, Health and Healthcare Professions; Link Campus University, Rome, Italy; Health Services Research, Evaluation and Policy Unit; AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Local Health Authority of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of the Health Directorate; Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States; Bronxcare Health System, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Nephrology; Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Bharatpur, India; Delhi, India; Department of Toxicology; Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India; Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences; Australian Institute of Health Innovation; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research; Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Biomedical Gerontology; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Research Unit; Mexican Institute of Social Security, Colima, Mexico; Department of Global Health and Population; T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; DCMSPH; Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; CCM; Department of Biophysics; Department of Laboratory Medicine; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; American University of Madaba, Amman, Jordan; Biochemistry Department; Department of Entomology; Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI); Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Green International University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Health and Environmental Studies; Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey, Turkey; Stroke Research Centre; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical Research Unit; Universitas Syiah Kuala (Syiah Kuala University), Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health; Carlos III Health Institute; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain; Tropical Disease and Health Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; University of Khartoum Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum, Sudan; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy; Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China; Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department; Kasr-AlAiny Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Santa Clara, CA, United States; Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Australian Centre for Health Service Innovations; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Sciences Education; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran; Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen; Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Global Health Policy; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development; University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Department of Decision and Information Sciences; Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Public Health Research Group; Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh; Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Center for Health Innovation, Research, Action and Learning - Bangladesh (CHIRAL Bangladesh); Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Jadara Research Center; Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of General Surgery; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Parkview Health, Fort wayne, IN, United States; Liaquat University Of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan; Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN); Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Primary Care; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center; Dept of Biological Sciences and Chemistry; University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; Department of Social Sciences and Business; Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq; Artur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States; Cardiovascular Department; International Master Program for Translational Science; International Ph.D. Program in Medicine; Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health; China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy; Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan; University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States; West Africa RCC; Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; Cairo, Egypt; Research and Publication Department; World Health Organization (WHO), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition; Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia; Clinical Laboratory Department; Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya; Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases; National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tobruk, Libya; University of Yaoundé, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Health Services Research; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physical and Medicine; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Research and Development Unit; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nursing, Arak School of Nursing; Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain; King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India; Department of Health and Safety; Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; UNESCO-TWAS Section of Economic & Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts; The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO-TWAS, Trieste, Italy; Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China; Division of Hematology and Oncology; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Public Health Sciences; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; SRM Medical College Hopsital and Research Centre; Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Chengelpet, India; Graduate School of Public Health; St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Population Data Science, Institute for Cancer Control; National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Neurosciences; St. Luke's Medical Center, Bonifacio Global City, Philippines; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States; Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Middle Technical University of Kut Technical Institute, Baghdad, Iraq; Government Medical College, Mysuru, India; Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India; Institute of Medical Sciences; Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Orthopedics; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India; Nitte University, Mangalore, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Thrissur, India; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Department of Economics; National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria; Manipal College of Health Professions; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health; University of Opole, Opole, Poland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Tobacco free Research Institute Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; KIMS Deemed to be University, Karad, India; Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Business Administrations; Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Canberra Business School; University of Canberra, Hawker, ACT, Australia; Jamia Hamdard, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI); Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; South Wales University, Treforest, United Kingdom; Osun State Hospital Management Board; Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran; Microbiology, Virology and Immunology Department; I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine; University of York, York, United Kingdom; Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria; ESIC Medical College and Hospital Chennai, Chennai, India; The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery Division; Global Smile Foundation, Norwood, MA, United States; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine; University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Amity Stem Cell Institute (ASCI); Department of Mathematics; Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India; Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences; Amity Institute of Pharmacy; Amity Institute of Public Health; Amity institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration; Amity University, Noida, India; Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building; Division of Health Policy and Management; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Alimentary Tract Research Center; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; School of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; Halal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI); Iran Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran; National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research; Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India; Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Primary Care Department; NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Community and Preventive Medicine; King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of South Wales, Treforest, United Kingdom; University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom; Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal; Department of Preventable Non Communicable Disease; Menzies School of Health Research, Alice Springs, NT, Australia; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India; College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences; Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom; College of Arts and Sciences; Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States; Asadabad School of Medical Sciences; Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States; Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Millennium Prevention, Inc., Westwood, MA, United States; Noumea, New Caledonia; Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Nursing and Health Promotion; Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health Dentistry; Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India; Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India; Department of General Practice and Family Medicine; Department of Infectious Diseases; Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; IQVIA, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine; Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India; Central University, Accra, Ghana; Department of Anthropology; Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology; Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Demography; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine; University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Center of Medicine and Public Health; Central Asia Research Collaboration Group; Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India; University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan; Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Section of Cardiology; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Translational Health Sciences; University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia; National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology; Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Public Health; University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Environment and Public Health; University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Division of Evidence Synthesis; Foundation for People-centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India; Division of Lifestyle Medicine; Centre for Health: The Specialty Practice, New Delhi, India; Unidad de Genética y Salud Pública; Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Panama; Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Las Tablas, Panama; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India; University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Cardiovascular Research; Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, United States; Independent Consultant, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Precision Medicine; Department of Integrative Biotechnology; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Universiti Brunei Darussalam (University of Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Health Promotion and Health Education; National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Genetics; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine; Radiology Department; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; College of Mathematics and Computer; Xinyu University, Xinyu, China; Department of Molecular Epidemiology; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Universidad Espíritu Santo (University of the Americas), Samborondón, Ecuador; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Osorno, Chile; Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India; Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Dodoma Medical Research Centre; National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Data Science and Evidence; Novo Nordisk, Plainsboro, NJ, United States; College of Engineering; Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Management of Information Systems Department; The American College of Greece, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing; University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South of Sinai, Egypt; Department of Periodontology; Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Institute for Health and Bioeconomy; One Health Toxicology Research Unit (1H-TOXRUN); University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal; Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, Puducherry, India; Department of One Health in Tropical Infectiousness Diseases; Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia; College of Health Science; Amoud University, Borama, Somalia; Research Center; Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy; Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Al-Madinah Al- Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India; Global One Health; Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; MedStar Health, Washington, DC, United States; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS); Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech - UPC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgical Sciences; Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Joint Learning Network for Universal Coverage, Arlington, VA, United States; Campus Fortaleza; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Centre for Healthy Living; University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Bucharest, Romania; Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics; Postgraduate Institute of Medicine; University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India; Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Paediatrics; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Digital Health and Informatics Directorate; Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; National Child Health Program; Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile; Department of Dental Research Cell; Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunity; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Debre Berhan University; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing; Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; International Dx Department; BGI Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark; General Administration Department; Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; University Centre Varazdin; University North, Varazdin, Croatia; University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; University Paediatrics Unit; Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties; University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Department of Statistics and Econometrics; Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; College of Healthcare Management and Economics; Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Research and Development Department; Panacea Institute of Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Varanasi, India; Health Sciences Division Pharmacy Program; Higher Colleges of Technology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; College of Applied and Natural Science; University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia; Nursing College; Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; Molecular Biology Unit; Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department; Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan; Health Systems and Policy Research Unit; Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH); Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Microbiology Department; Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dale View College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Thruvananthapuram, India; University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India; Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit; Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy; AI & Cyber Futures Institute; Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia; Neurosciences Research Center; Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Social Sciences; Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States; October 6 University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology; Royan Institution, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences; Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi; PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics; University of Groningen; Groningen, Netherlands; Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany; Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany; Knowledge Management Department; Prahlad Omkarwati Foundation (POF), Mumbai, India; New Delhi, India; General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia; Duhok University, Duhok, Iraq; Operational Research Center in Healthcare; Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda; University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Department of Food and Nutrition; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Elderly Health Research Center; Research and Academic Institution, Tehran, Iran; Department of Computer Science; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Computer Science and IT; Torrens University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department Health Services Research; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, India; Social and Behavioral Science Research; New York, NY, United States; Mysore Medical College and Research Institute; Government Medical College, Mysore, India; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States; Mount Sinai Health System, Queens, NY, United States; University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka; Zilber College of Public Health; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Health Promotion; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Research and Innovation Center; Dalhousie University, Kigali, Rwanda; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda; Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; College of Health Sciences (CHS); VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Pediatric Department; International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Humanities and Social Science; University for International Studies in Rome, Rome, Italy; Technical Department; School of Public Health and Family Medicine; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Global Research Institute; Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States; Global Health Department; Euclid University, Banqui, Central African Republic; School of Information; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia; Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis; University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Bioinformatics Department; National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania; Disease Control and Elimination; Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia; University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States; PSSM Data Sciences, Pfizer Research & Development; Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, United States; Department of Animal Science; North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States; Technical Unit; Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom; The Redeemed Christian Church of God, Ede, Nigeria; Management Science and Healthcare Analytics; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Education Leadership and Management; University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Bowen University, Iwo, Iwo, Nigeria; Instituto Nacional de Nutrición Salvador Zubirá, Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico; Cardiology Department; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Association for Reproductive and Family Health (ARFH), Abuja, Nigeria; Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, United States; Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria; Institute of Chemistry; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Computational Biology; Brazilian Agricultural Research Institute (EMBRAPA), SP, Campinas, Brazil; University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology; University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics; Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Sickle Cell Unit; Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación de Salud en el Trabajo; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico; One Health Global Research Group; Universidad de las Americas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador; Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana; University Hospital of Setif, Sétif, Algeria; Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey; Health Services Management Training Centre; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Health Management Association, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Biotechnology; Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India; First Department of Ophthalmology; Second Department of Cardiology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; University of Bern, Biel/Biene, Switzerland; University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vision and Eye Research Institute; Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India; University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Imaging; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Research and Development Cell; Parul University, Vadodara, India; University of Tennessee, Nashville, TN, United States; College of Dental Medicine; Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States; Department of Interventional Cardiology; Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia; Center for Research and Innovation; Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines; Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health; Department of Chemical Toxicology; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan, Milano, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine; Research Advancement Consortium in Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; International Center of Medical Sciences Research; International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE); University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Data Management and Analysis; The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India; Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Women’s College, Jhasrsuguda, Jharsuguda, India; Department of Medical instrumentation Techniques Engineering; Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Cybersecurity; Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine; Rory Meyers College of Nursing; New York University, New York, NY, United States; Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China; Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition; National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical Oncology; Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Chennai, India; Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health; Health Science Research Centre; Health Sciences Research Center; Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Faculty of Health Sciences; Qaiwan International University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia; La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Tanda, India; Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Emergency Medicine Department; Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India; Govt. Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Las Vegas, NV, United States; Community Medicine; NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nagpur, India; Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College and Hospital, Dhanbad, India; Eastern Scientific LLC, Richmond, KY, United States; Planetary Health Research Centre (PHRC), Kathmandu, Nepal; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology; University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Belgrade, Serbia; Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India; Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology; Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Geography; Soran University, Soran, Iraq; Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; University of Swabi; University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan; Inovus Medical, St Helens, United Kingdom; Academic Public Health England; Public Health England, London, United Kingdom; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt; Department of Protein Research; Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Unisabana Center for Translational Science; Universidad de La Sabana (Savannah University), Chia, Colombia; Critical Care Department; Clinica Universidad De La Sabana (Savannah University Clinic), Chia, Colombia; School of Environment; Tehran University, Tehran, Iran; Czech National Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation; Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology and Physiotherapy; DIT University, Delhi, India; Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Department of Nursing in Women's Health; Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine; Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Analytical and Applied Economics; RUSA Centre of Excellence in Public Policy and Governance; UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology; Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis; Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States; Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, India; Advanced Campus Governador Valadares; Juiz de For a Federal University, Governador Valadares, Brazil; University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Medical Pharmacology; Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Computer; University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine; Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Psychosocial Science; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Al-Hadba University, Mosul, Iraq; Department of Health and Kinesiology; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan; University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Student Research Committee; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; College of Nursing; Jouf University, Jouf, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Benang Merah Research Center (BMRC), Minahasa Utara, Indonesia; Department of Osteopathic Medicine; D'Youville University, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation; University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Bodoland University; Botany Department, Kokrajhar, India; Faculty of Health & Social Sciences; Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India; Precision Medicine Department; Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India; Faculty of Business and Computing; University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada; Department of Finance; International School of Management, Paris, France; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Emergency Department; Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India; Fourth Department of General Surgery; Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design; Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering; Beijing University Of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Institute for Critical Care Medicine; Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States; Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; National University of Ireland - Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation; University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria; Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India; Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India; Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Development Studies; Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Kenneth H. Cooper Institute; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Quaid-e-Azam Medical College; University of Health Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT); Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center; University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Institute of National Importance on Food Technology; National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, India; Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Medicine Service; US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Houston, TX, United States; Global and European Health Education and Study Institute; University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia; NCDC; National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia; Books Committee; Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Science Line; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteologie, Vienna, Austria; Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt; University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada; Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; 3rd Department of Cardiology; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India; JIPMER International School of Public Health; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Human Anatomy; Federal University, Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria; Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Social Sciences; Department of Life and Health Sciences; University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Squad Medicine and Research (SMR); Indian Council of Medical Research, Amadalavalasa, India; Department of Clinical Research and Development; LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland; Collegium Medicum; John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Health, Safety, and Environmental Management; Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran; Division of Epidemiology; Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Dermato-Venereology; Dr. Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania; Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia; The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Public Health and Informatics; Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Taking Our Best Shot, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Research and Innovation; Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, United States; University of Texas, Galveston, TX, United States; Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India; Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Sam Ratulangi University), Manado, Indonesia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax; University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Second Department of Internal Medicine; Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; John T. Milliken Department of Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States; Department of Business Analytics; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States; Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Studies in Economics and Planning; Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Adult Learning Disability Service; Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom; CRIMEDIM Center for Research and Training in Global Health, Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Medicine; University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Primary Care; Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Population Health Data Center; National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Comprehensive Nursing; Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Federal University of Health Sciences Azare; Federal Teaching Hospital, Azare, Nigeria; Federal Teaching Hospital Azare; Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Nigeria; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging; National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Begum Rokeya University; Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh; Department of Orthodontics; University of Trakya, Edirne, Turkey; Community Respiratory Centre; Bangladesh Primary Care Respiratory Society (BPCRS), Khulna, Bangladesh; Centre for Population Health Sciences; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Johnson & Johnson; Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; College of Health and Sport Sciences; University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain; UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology; Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States; Universidad Europea de Madrid (European University of Madrid), Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences - UniCamillus, Rome, Italy; Occupational Medicine Unit; Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology; SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India; NUST School of Health Sciences; National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary; Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; College of Agriculture; Northwest A&F University, Xianyang City, China; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan; Kings College London, Department of Women and Children's Health, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ethiopian Academy of Medical Science, Gondar, Ethiopia; Federation University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Institute of Clinical Epidemiology; Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Abuakwa North Municipal Health Directorate; Ghana Health Service, Kukurantumi, Ghana; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering; Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Cells and Tissues; Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science; The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan; School of Biotechnology; University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; St. Peter's Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Science Computing Department; King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Alkan Health Science, Business and Technology College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, Nigeria; University of Alberta, AB, Edmonton, Nigeria; Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Pharmacy Practice Department; Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen; Department of Administration; PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, United States; College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Practice; Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia; Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; XuZhou Medical University, China; University of Medicine, XuZhou, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management; Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences; Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center; Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Clinical Research Centre; An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine; Department of Building Engineering and Environment; Civil Engineering and Sustainable Structures; Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), GBD Collaborating Unit, Tulkarem, Palestine; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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