Pocut Nurul Alam, Dinda Rizky Hayati, Izzan Nur Aslam, Nurul Aflah, Rahmat Diansyah Putra, Marbawi, Ahmad Rifki, Rizka Hussain, Rita Yusmi, Maulana Khalis Ramadhan, Yulianis, Nurul Kamal, Teuku Fathan Al-Amin Darwis
Recent regulatory changes implemented by the Indonesian Government have reclassified Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) as non-hazardous toxic materials, resulting in substantial accumulations of FABA in Steam Power Plants. This shift necessitates the widespread utilization of these materials. The access road, also known as the hauling road, plays a pivotal role in mining operations by connecting vital areas within the mining site. The condition of this road significantly influences mining activities, making it imperative to emphasize both its construction and the materials used. This research is centered on the application of waste materials, specifically FABA, sourced from coal-fired power plants, in the construction of road pavements, with a particular focus on coal mining regions. The study investigates the density and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of FABA-based road pavements, specifically those at Bara Energi Lestari Ltd. To achieve this, the sand cone test was employed to assess field density, while laboratory based CBR testing was conducted to evaluate various material compositions. Three distinct FABA-based compositions are examined, each featuring specific ratios of FABA, cement, and stone sand. The research findings reveal that Composition I, characterized by a well-balanced mixture, attains the highest laboratory CBR value of 48%. The increased cement content within this composition enhances bonding, resulting in reduced moisture content and increased density. Consequently, Composition I exhibit superior load-bearing capacity, meeting the stringent standards set for road pavements. Notably, field density values surpass those obtained in laboratory testing, and field CBR values exceed their laboratory counterparts. Nevertheless, both field and laboratory results align with road pavement standards, consistently falling within the "Good - Excellent"category for the base layer. In conclusion, this research underscores the considerable potential of incorporating FABA waste materials into road pavements. Such integration enhances load-bearing capacity and bolsters sustainability within the coal mining industry, offering a promising avenue for the responsible utilization of these materials. © 2025 Author(s).
Mining Engineering Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Western Australia School of Mines, Curtin University, Kalgoorlie, 6430, Australia; Technical Service & Engineering Department, Bara Energi Lestari Ltd., Nagan Raya, 23674, Indonesia; Electricity Generation Unit, State Electricity Company Ltd., PT PLN Persero, Nagan Raya, 23674, Indonesia; Technical Department, Solusi Bangun Andalas Ltd., Lhoknga, 23363, Indonesia; Directorate General of Mineral and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia, South Jakarta, 12870, Indonesia
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